Phytoremediation of Lead Polluted Soil by Glycine max

A study was designed to assess the phytoextraction potential of Glycine max L. for lead (Pb). Pots experiment was conducted. Viable seeds were planted in 5 kg of soil placed in each plastic pot having 0 ppm (control), 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm of Pb respectively. The study was carried out for a period of 12 weeks under natural conditions. Physicochemical properties of the soil were determined using standard methods. The results revealed that pH, phosphorous and moisture contents increased while nitrogen and organic carbon contents decreased in polluted soil remediated with Glycine max L. compared to the unpolluted soil. Leaf, stem, seeds and roots of the plant were analyzed for Pb uptake after 12 weeks. The plants mopped up substantial concentration of Pb in the above plant biomass of the seeds (4.2 mg/kg), stem (1.37 mg/kg) and leaves (3.37 mg/kg) compared to concentrations in the roots (1.53 mg/kg). The phytoextraction ability of the plant was assessed in terms of its bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). It was observed that the levels of Pb in the roots and shoots after 12 weeks showed that more bioavailable pool of Pb was translocated from the root to seeds, leaves and stem in that order. The results obtained suggest that the plant has phytoextraction ability and could be used in restoring soil polluted with Pb

The Utilization of Glyphosate by Bacteria Isolated from Soil

Glyphosate is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide. It is primarily applied to agricultural lands. This study examined the utilization of glyphosate by bacteria isolated from soil. Five bacteria were isolated, namely; Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Actinomyces sp. Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis were selected for the studies based on their rapid degradation of the herbicides. The ability of the isolates to degrade different concentrations of glyphosate were tested in minimal salt medium (MSM) and incubated on a rotary shaker at 120 rpm at 30oC for 28 days. The effects of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on degradation of the isolates were also determined at concentrations of 200 µg/ml, 300  µg/ml and 400 µg/ml in 150 ml of the MSM. The bacteria were isolated using pour plate method and identified based on their cultural and biochemical characteristics. The two isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus BFM4 and Bacillus subtilis H184 using polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the percentage utilization of the herbicides by the test organisms in all the treatments at day 28. Bacillus cereus BFM4 had the highest percentage utilization of 97.04 % and 90.49 % of glyphosate at the lowest concentration 20 mg/ml and 400 µg/ml of Pb2+. The results of this study showed that the isolates were able to utilize varying concentration of glyphosate with an increased utilization on addition of Pb2+ and Cd2+

Phycoremediation of water contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from a mining site in Minna, Nigeria

This study was designed to remediate water contaminated with heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium and lead) using two green macroalgal species, Spirogyra and Cladophora. The results obtained from this study indicate that both macroalgae can be employed to adsorb and detoxify any of the three heavy metals from aqueous solution. However, it was also discovered from the study that Cladophora adsorbed and detoxified more of the cadmium and lead than arsenic as the organism had removal efficiency for cadmium and lead as 88.78% and 94.85% respectively meanwhile for arsenic it was only 23.10%. On the otherhand however, Spirogyra adsorbed more of arsenic than cadmium and lead as the organism had a record of 82.76% of arsenic compared to the 28.97% and 47.43%absorption forcadmium and lead respectively. It is therefore concluded based on the results of the present study that reclamation and reuse of water from public or industrial wastewater, or even from water contaminated as a result of precious metal mining is a huge possibility through the application of phycoremediation, using different species of micro and macroalgae. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.373530

Microbial-aided phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil: a review

Anthropogenic exercises as well as industrial enterprise and agricultural practices contribute considerably to the degradation and contamination of environment that considerably affects the soil. The normal physical and chemical know-how soil washing used for soil remediation render the land useless as a medium for plant growth, as they take away all biological activities. Others are labor-intensive and have high maintenance value phytoremediation, a cheaper and sustainable in situ remediation technique was so thought of. This data can enable proposing solutions to issues of contamination and eventually convalescent sites and soils. However, plants don't have the aptitude to degrade several soil waste matters particularly the organic pollutant. It's so imperative to require advantage of the degrading ability of soil microorganisms. This review so focuses on phytoremediation techniques improved by microbial colonies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.324417

Phytoremediation of Lead Polluted Soil by Glycine max L

A study was designed to assess the phytoextraction potential of Glycine max L. for lead (Pb). Pots experiment was conducted. Viable seeds were planted in 5 kg of soil placed in each plastic pot having 0 ppm (control), 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm of Pb respectively. The study was carried out for a period of 12 weeks under natural conditions. Physicochemical properties of the soil were determined using standard methods. The results revealed that pH, phosphorous and moisture contents increased while nitrogen and organic carbon contents decreased in polluted soil remediated with Glycine max L. compared to the unpolluted soil. Leaf, stem, seeds and roots of the plant were analyzed for Pb uptake after 12 weeks. The plants mopped up substantial concentration of Pb in the above plant biomass of the seeds (4.2 mg/kg), stem (1.37 mg/kg) and leaves (3.37 mg/kg) compared to concentrations in the roots (1.53 mg/kg). The phytoextraction ability of the plant was assessed in terms of its bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). It was observed that the levels of Pb in the roots and shoots after 12 weeks showed that more bioavailable pool of Pb was translocated from the root to seeds, leaves and stem in that order. The results obtained suggest that the plant has phytoextraction ability and could be used in restoring soil polluted with Pb

The Utilization of Glyphosate by Bacteria Isolated from Soil

Glyphosate is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide. It is primarily applied to agricultural lands. This study examined the utilization of glyphosate by bacteria isolated from soil. Five bacteria were isolated, namely; Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Actinomyces sp. Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis were selected for the studies based on their rapid degradation of the herbicides. The ability of the isolates to degrade different concentrations of glyphosate were tested in minimal salt medium (MSM) and incubated on a rotary shaker at 120 rpm at 30oC for 28 days. The effects of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on degradation of the isolates were also determined at concentrations of 200 µg/ml, 300  µg/ml and 400 µg/ml in 150 ml of the MSM. The bacteria were isolated using pour plate method and identified based on their cultural and biochemical characteristics. The two isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus BFM4 and Bacillus subtilis H184 using polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. There were significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) in the percentage utilization of the herbicides by the test organisms in all the treatments at day 28. Bacillus cereus BFM4 had the highest percentage utilization of 97.04 % and 90.49 % of glyphosate at the lowest concentration 20 mg/ml and 400 µg/ml of Pb2+. The results of this study showed that the isolates were able to utilize varying concentration of glyphosate with an increased utilization on addition of Pb2+ and Cd2+

Safety Evaluation of Mangifera Indica Bark for Raw Water Purification

Background: Synthetic coagulants commonly used for water treatment are associated with undesirable properties, such as inefficacy and toxicity in addition to being expensive. Natural coagulants are considered safe and economical alternatives for developing countries where the plants are abundantly available. Methods: The phytochemical composition and safety of water samples treated with Mangifera indica (M. indica) were evaluated in 13 groups of albino rats (N=36) for four weeks and compared with water samples treated with alum and calcium hypochlorite, using biochemical and hematological parameters. Results: Mangifera indica bark contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, terpenes, steroids and cardiac glycoside. Both the raw water samples (rivers, ponds & streams) and treated waters (alum, calcium hypochlorite and plant material) did not caused any significant (p>0.05) changes to the activities or levels of transaminases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase, total serum proteins, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, platelet and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration compared with those in normal control rats. Water samples treated with M. indica caused significant increases (p<0.05) in packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and red blood cells of the animals while the untreated water samples significantly increased the white blood cell. However, alum treated water significantly increased (p<0.05) the concentrations of serum urea, sodium and potassium while calcium hypochlorite treated water significantly (p<0.05) increased the creatinine and potassium concentrations. Conclusion: The use of M. indica bark in water purification confers hematopoietic properties to the water and reduces adverse effects on the biochemical parameters, thus could be considered as an effective and safe agent for water purification

Phycoremediation of water contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from a mining site in Minna, Nigeria

This study was designed to remediate water contaminated with heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium and lead) using two green macroalgal species, Spirogyra and Cladophora. The results obtained from this study indicate that both macroalgae can be employed to adsorb and detoxify any of the three heavy metals from aqueous solution. However, it was also discovered from the study that Cladophora adsorbed and detoxified more of the cadmium and lead than arsenic as the organism had removal efficiency for cadmium and lead as 88.78% and 94.85% respectively meanwhile for arsenic it was only 23.10%. On the otherhand however, Spirogyra adsorbed more of arsenic than cadmium and lead as the organism had a record of 82.76% of arsenic compared to the 28.97% and 47.43%absorption forcadmium and lead respectively. It is therefore concluded based on the results of the present study that reclamation and reuse of water from public or industrial wastewater, or even from water contaminated as a result of precious metal mining is a huge possibility through the application of phycoremediation, using different species of micro and macroalgae. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.373530

The Utilization of Glyphosate by Bacteria Isolated from Soil

Glyphosate is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide. It is primarily applied to agricultural lands. This study examined the utilization of glyphosate by bacteria isolated from soil. Five bacteria were isolated, namely; Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Actinomyces sp. Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis were selected for the studies based on their rapid degradation of the herbicides. The ability of the isolates to degrade different concentrations of glyphosate were tested in minimal salt medium (MSM) and incubated on a rotary shaker at 120 rpm at 30oC for 28 days. The effects of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on degradation of the isolates were also determined at concentrations of 200 µg/ml, 300  µg/ml and 400 µg/ml in 150 ml of the MSM. The bacteria were isolated using pour plate method and identified based on their cultural and biochemical characteristics. The two isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus BFM4 and Bacillus subtilis H184 using polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. There were significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) in the percentage utilization of the herbicides by the test organisms in all the treatments at day 28. Bacillus cereus BFM4 had the highest percentage utilization of 97.04 % and 90.49 % of glyphosate at the lowest concentration 20 mg/ml and 400 µg/ml of Pb2+. The results of this study showed that the isolates were able to utilize varying concentration of glyphosate with an increased utilization on addition of Pb2+ and Cd2+