Sense of Community And Demographic Factors As Predictors Of Neighbourhood Satisfaction

Neighbourhoods are studies because that is the place people spend the largest portion of their time. That probably explain the interest that researchers and policy makers have developed in neighbourhood satisfaction studies over the last couple of decades. In many studies on neighbourhood satisfaction a diverse range of factors have been identified as playing significant roles in its outcome. These range from the physical attributes of the neighbourhood to demographic factors and also to such concepts as sense of community. This study investigate the combined effect of demographic factors and sense of community elements in predicting neighbourhood satisfaction. The study employed quantitative methods to obtain data on the relevant variables using the survey method. Out of 1400 questionnaires distributed 1132 were returned and analyzed. The study found that of the selected demographic factors only level of education significantly predicted neighbourhood satisfaction. Of the elements of sense of community: membership, integration and fulfillment of needs and shared emotional connection were found to be significant predictors of neighbourhood satisfaction. The study supports earlier studies on certain predictors of neighbourhood satisfaction. While suggesting that many more factors may actually be relevant in its prediction.eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i8.140

Age and pattern of Pap smear abnormalities: Implications for cervical cancer control in a developing country

Aim: To characterize the age and pattern of Pap smear abnormalities in a major teaching hospital in Southwestern Nigeria. Design: This is a review of medical records of patients that came for cervical cancer screening. Materials and Methods: The Pap smear results of women between May 2013 and April 2015 were retrieved. A total of 2048 Pap smear results were retrieved during the study period and analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. A total of 252 (12.3%) samples were excluded from the analysis. Results: The mean age of the women was 45.77 ± 9.9 years and the mode was 50 years. Normal Pap smear result was reported in 728 (40.6%) women. Only 20 women has had more than one more than one Pap smear done. The most common abnormality was inflammatory smear result as this was reported in 613 (29.9%) women. Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) were reported in 117 (5.7%), 209 (10.2%), and 111 (5.4%) women, respectively. Atypical glandular cell and squamous cell carcinoma were reported in 12 (6.0%) and 3 (1.0%), respectively. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of abnormal Pap smear in this environment and women start cervical cancer screening late in their reproductive life, past the age at which cervical premalignant lesions peak. This may be a contributing factor to the high burden of cervical cancer in developing countries

Effect of polishing duration on physical, milling, cooking, and sensory properties of a novel mix‐colored Nigerian parboiled rice

Background and objectives Polishing is a step of milling process to produce white rice. It influences rice quality. This study evaluates the effect of increased polishing duration (0, 1, 2, and 3 min) on the physical, milling, cooking, and sensory properties of novel mix‐coloured Nigerian rice. These quality parameters influence the consumers’ choice. Findings Polishing duration had a significant effect on the physical, milling, cooking, and sensory properties of the milled rice. As the polishing duration increased, the length, width, length/width ratio, 1000‐grain weight, bulk density, true density, porosity, optimum cooking time, cooking loss, aroma, and flavour of the milled rice reduced while increased polishing duration increased the head rice yield, percentage broken rice, milled rice yield, percentage dockage, kernel elongation ratio, width expansion ratio, water uptake ratio, texture, appearance, and overall acceptability of the milled rice. The correlations between physical, milling, cooking and sensory properties were strongly significant (P˂0.01 and P˂0.05). Conclusions This study revealed that increasing the polishing duration improves the cooking, head rice yield, milled rice yield and some sensory quality attributes of the mix‐coloured parboiled rice, but reduced its physical attributes. Significance and novelty The mix‐coloured rice showed an improved milling, cooking, and sensory attributes but poor physical characteristics during polishing which is very vital to Rice milling industry