Montaigne, regard vers le haut, regard vers le bas (4) : contraste entre la generalite du regard et l'exception du regard vers le haut dans les Essais

Dans toute oeuvre, il y a des elements generaux et des elements exceptionnels qui constituent chacuns ses caracteristiques. Ce present article traite du contraste entre la generalite des expressions concretes ou figurees de l'acte de voir et un certain regard vers le haut qui est fortement recuse dans les Essais de Montaigne. Comme dans ses conseils donnes sur l'education des enfants dont le premier but est de former leur jugement, l'acte de voir joue un grand role quand il essaie d'appliquer son propre jugement. Il fait des choses, des hommes et du monde qu'il 《voit》 dans sa vie quotidienne et dans sa lecture, ses matieres et 《le miroir》 ou il se regarde pour se connaitre et peindre son autoportrait. De plus, il fait 《voir》 ces matieres aux lecteurs pour qu'ils en jugent eux-memes, parce qu'il n'a pas l'intention de leur imposer sa maniere de 《voir》 mais plutot de leur montrer 《a mesure de sa vue》. Contrairement a cet aspect de la vue qu'il privilegie, il refuse le regard vers le ciel et surtout vers le Soleil. Il tient pour presomptueux les astronomes, investigateurs des 《mouvements》 des etoiles, puisqu'ils negligent les problemes humains qui sont 《continuellement presents a leurs yeux》 et leurs propres 《mouvements》 qui sont 《dans eux》. D'ailleurs, c'est Dieu qui a ordonne les lois de l'univers; l'homme ne sait pas resoudre ces secrets. C'est pour la meme raison que Montaigne considere comme imposteurs les gens qui pretendent interpreter la volonte divine, et qu'il les avertit metaphoriquement qu'en elevant les yeux vers le Soleil, ils perdront la vue en punition de leur orgueil. Ce contraste se trouve des la premiere edition des Essais. Montaigne separe nettement le domaine des choses humaines de celui de Dieu : il y pratique deja le principe socratique grec avant de manifester ulterieurement une immense admiration pour la vertu de Socrate

The Role of Elongin BC-Containing Ubiquitin Ligases

The Elongin complex was originally identified as a positive regulator of RNA polymerase II and is composed of a transcriptionally active subunit (A) and two regulatory subunits (B and C). The Elongin BC complex enhances the transcriptional activity of Elongin A. “Classical” SOCS box-containing proteins interact with the Elongin BC complex and have ubiquitin ligase activity. They also interact with the scaffold protein Cullin (Cul) and the RING domain protein Rbx and thereby are members of the Cullin RING ligase (CRL) superfamily. The Elongin BC complex acts as an adaptor connecting Cul and SOCS box proteins. Recently, it was demonstrated that classical SOCS box proteins can be further divided into two groups, Cul2- and Cul5-type proteins. The classical SOCS box-containing protein pVHL is now classified as a Cul2-type protein. The Elongin BC complex containing CRL family is now considered two distinct protein assemblies, which play an important role in regulating a variety of cellular processes such as tumorigenesis, signal transduction, cell motility, and differentiation

Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors in Nagasaki 1

In 1945, an atomic bomb was exploded on Nagasaki. The Scientific Data Center for the Atomic Bomb Disaster was founded in Nagasaki University to analyse radiation effects on atomic bomb survivors. There were about 110,000 victims registered living in Nagasaki as of 1968. Since then, data of 2,000,000 items of health examination has been stored in the computer in the Scientific Data Center. The analysed results of the mortality, the survival and the risk estimation were presented

Effects of the Atomic Bomb Explosion in Nagasaki : A Medical Perspective 1

A review of the medical effects of the Nagasaki atomic bomb explosion encountered between 1945 and 1990 was conducted. In the early stage, severe and various manifestations due to a combination of heat rays, blast and radiation were detected, but the accurate number of deaths among victims during this early period remains obscure. Keloid scars, cataract, leukemia, thyroid cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer have been established as diseases related to the atomic bomb explosion. Recent epidemiologic investigations show that the incidence of other diseases such as gastric cancer and skin cancer are also relatively high among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki

Effects of Low Dose Radiation on Mammals 1

Radiation has been applied widely to clinics, researches and industries nowadays. Irradiation by atomic bomb produced many victims in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Radiation effects on animals and human belings have been reported extensively, especially at a dose range of high amount of radiation. As radiation effects at low dose have not been well studied, it is believed that even a small amount of radiation produces hazardous effects. However, it might not be true. Beneficial effects of a low dose of radiation are summarized here

Storing Medical Records of A-Bomb Survivors on Optical Disks

Medical records of A-bomb survivors include numerical data and non-numerical data such as handwritten description. We have been storing the numerical data in medical records into a data base. We started to store the nonnumerical data on optical disks. We analyzed the significance and usefulness of storing them. The nonnumerical data of symptoms can not be evaluated by but can be analyzed with the numerical data. It was concluded that storing non-numerical data in the medical records on the optical disks would be worthy

Factors Determining Satisfaction with Daily Life of Elderly A-bomb Survivors

From the analysis of questionnaires to elderly A-bomb survivors of over 65 years old, we analysed factors which determined satisfaction with daily life. Analysed categories were housing condition, life style, occupational status, health condition and family status. From the analysis, to be an A-bomb survivor was not a factor for satisfaction with daily life, and it became clear that living in a rented room, not satisfying one\u27s job and low income were serious factors which kept elderly people from the satisfaction with daily life. It must be necessary to improve these factors for the satisfaction of elderly people

Death Rate of Survivors in Nagasaki at Early Time of A-Bomb Explosion

The death rate of survivors at early time after A-bomb explosion was analyzed with the A-bomb disaster survey in Nagasaki city. Survivors who were alive September 1st, 1945 was 20,746 persons, in which 17,869 persons (86.1%) had information for the analysis. The death rate in 1945 of survivors exposed in their houses at less than 1,199 m from the hypocenter was higher than those exposed not in their houses. The death rate of survivors in 1946 decreased rapidly, although that of survivors exposed at less than 1,199 m from the hypocenter was still high

DIP during perioperative chemotherapy

Purpose : Drug-induced interstitial pneumonia (DIP) that occurs during chemotherapy for breast cancer is a rare but a serious adverse event. Treatments of DIP requires interruption of breast cancer treatment, which may affect the patient’s prognosis. However, there are few reports which discuss DIP during breast cancer treatments. Purpose of this report is to make clear how DIP occurred and influenced breast cancer treatment in our hospital. Patients and Methods : A total of 74 patients who started perioperative chemotherapy in Tokushima Municipal Hospital for breast cancer from January 2019 to December 2020 were evaluated for DIP. Patients’ and tumors’ characteristics, and regimens which caused DIP were investigated. The clinical courses of the DIP patients were also followed up. Results : Twelve of the 74 patients developed DIP. All 12 patients had histories of cyclophosphamide administration ; however, the causative drug could not be determined. Ten of the 12 patients were treated with steroids, and all the patients recovered ultimately from the interstitial pneumonia. While chemotherapy was administered in six patients after mild DIP, no relapse of pneumonia was observed. Conclusion : DIP during perioperative chemotherapy for breast cancer was resolved with appropriate treatment. Patients were able to resume breast cancer treatment with minimal interruption