PENGARUH CAMPUR KODE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA IKIP SILIWANGI BANDUNG

This study aims to determine the effect of mixed use of code in the Indonesian language among students IKIP Siliwangi Bandung. Language is an arbitrary and universal symbolism system of sound. The use of the first language is closely related to the conscious and natural acquisition of language. Without someone aware of the use of code mix is often in use while learning a second language. The method used is descriptive qualitative method, sampling of this research is Indonesian language education student IKIP Siliwangi by limiting 25 students of IKIP Siliwangi. The instrument used is a questionnaire created by google form. The method of this study shows that there is a significant influence on the use of language denied students IKIP Siliwangi Bandung. This research is expected to provide an overview to all parties involved so that it can improve the way of using the language appropriate for use in any situation

The activity of polyclonal IgY derived from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in inhibiting colonization of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus sanguinis

Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) play a role in dental plaque formation which leads to periodontitis. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is present in both serum and egg yolk and can bind to the surface components of bacteria. F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis feature the same type of IV pili as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans). Saliva binding protein (SsaB) in S. sanguinis is a FimA homolog. FimA constitutes a surface element of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis possess the same outer membrane protein (OMP) molecular mass. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the activity of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis polyclonal IgY present in serum and egg yolk that can inhibit colonization of F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis. Methods: IgY samples were diluted with phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Several holes were made in the nutrient medium with 10 μl antigen (F. nucleatum/S. sanguinis) being inserted into the center hole. 10 μl PBS, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis polyclonal IgY were subsequently introduced into the surrounding holes. The results of incubation at 37°C were observed after 24-48 hours. Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were administered to analyse the data. Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis polyclonal IgY groups in serum showed a precipitation line at dilution ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, whereas in egg yolk this occurred only at a 1:1 dilution ratio with F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis bacteria in this study. No significant differences were evident between each dilution (p>0.05) and none existed between serum and egg yolk (p>0.05). Conclusion: IgY polyclonal of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in both serum and egg yolk initiate activities that can inhibit colonization of F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis

AKTIVITAS IgY POLIKLONAL Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans DAN Porphyromonas gingivalis TERHADAP HAMBATAN KOLONISASI Fusobacterium nucleatum DAN Streptococcus sanguis

Prevalensi periodontitis di Indonesia cukup tinggi yaitu 70%. F. nucleatum dan S. sanguis berperan dalam pembentukkan plak gigi yang merupakan penyebab periodontitis. IgY sebagai pengendali plak biologis. IgY terdapat dalam serum dan kuning telur. IgY dapat berikatan dengan komponen permukaan bakteri. F. nucleatum dan S. sanguis memiliki pili tipe IV sama seperti A. actinomycetemcomitans. SsaB pada S. sanguis merupakan homolog fimA, fimA merupakan unsur permukaan P. gingivalis. F. nucleatum dan P. gingivalis memiliki massa molekul OMP sama. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui aktivitas IgY poliklonal A. actinomycetemcomitans dan P. gingivalis yang dapat menghambat kolonisasi F. nucleatum dan S. sanguis. Metode: Sampel IgY diencerkan dengan PBS. Agar dibuatkan lubang, 10μl antigen (F. nucleatum atau S. sanguis) dimasukkan ke lubang tengah, kemudian 10μl PBS, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 pengenceran IgY poliklonal A. actinomycetemcomitans atau P. gingivalis dimasukkan ke lubang sekitarnya. Inkubasi pada suhu 37℃, hasil diamati setelah 24-48 jam. Hasil: Kelompok IgY poliklonal A. actinomycetemcomitans dan P. gingivalis dalam serum terhadap F. nucleatum dan S. sanguis menunjukkan garis presipitasi pada pengenceran 1:1 dan 1:2, sedangkan dalam kuning telur pada pengenceran 1:1. Berdasarkan analisis statistika, tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada tiap pengenceran (p>0.05) dan tidak ada perbedaan antara serum dan kuning telur (p>0.05). Kesimpulan: IgY poliklonal A. actinomycetemcomitans dan P. gingivalis dalam serum dan kuning telur mempunyai aktivitas yang dapat menghambat kolonisasi F. nucleatum dan S. sanguis