Performance of MPLS-based virtual private networks and classic virtual private networks using advanced metrics

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is effective in managing and utilizing available network bandwidth. It has advanced security features and a lower time delay. The existing literature has covered the performance of MPLS-based networks in relation to conventional Internet Protocol (IP) networks. But, too few literatures exist on the performance of MPLS-based Virtual Private Networks (VPN) in relation to traditional VPN networks. In this paper, a comparison is made between the effectiveness of the MPLS-VPN network and a classic VPN network using simulation studies done on OPNET®. The performance metrics used to carry out the comparison include; End to End Delay, Voice Packet Sent/Received and Label Switched Path's Traffic. The simulation study was carried out with Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) as the test bed. The result of the study showed that MPLS-based VPN networks outperform classic VPN networks

Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Vibrations on Wind Turbine During Energy Generation Operation, Its Structural Challenges and Way Forward

The effects of vibration cannot be overemphasized when it comes to generating energy via wind turbine. Vibration is one of the major challenges faced by the wind turbine, due to the complexity of the structure and the area of installation. This research work focuses on a compressive review of the effects of vibration occurrence on wind turbine during energy generation operations and its economical challenges’. Therefore, this research paper has reviewed various aspects of vibration effects in horizontal wind turbine such as the blades region, tower structure, nacelles compartment, and condition monitoring along with fault diagnosis models. The result from this study has shown that, there are needs to develop and implement a good reliability model, fatigue assessment process, and a well-developed monitoring model for wind turbine during operation. When these things are properly put in place, it will help to reduce unwanted vibration occurrence, eliminate unexpected failure of the wind turbine in operations, and hence sustainable energy generation from wind turbine

Experimental Study of the Effect of TiN–Zn Coated High-Speed Steel Cutting Tool on Surface Morphology of AL1060 Alloy During Machining Operation

In machining operations, surface morphology is a significant parameter in developing mechanical components, as the level of the surface roughness gives the consumer the notion of whether the product is well developed or not. Also, the surface roughness of the mechanical component will affect the component during machining operations. The application of coatings in cutting tools is very significant, as coatings will help in improving the cutting tool life as well as protect it from rapid wear and corrosion rate. This research work focuses on the investigation of the significance of TiN–Zn coatings on high-speed steel (HSS) when compared with non-coated HSS cutting tool on the surface morphology, machining parameters and machining time on 1060 aluminum alloy during the machining operation. Computer numerical control (CNC) program and excel software was employed to investigate the effects the Coated cutting tool, various depth of cut and such as 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mm and at a constant cutting speed of 1250 rpm, constant feed rate of 10 mm/rev, with machining time varies from 15 to 500 s on the machined surface morphology of the 1060 aluminum alloy. After each machining time, the average surface roughness was determined, from three-point of the work piece, that is the starting point, middle point, and the end point. The result shows that the TiN–Zn coated HSS cutting tool on the surface morphology of 1060 aluminum alloy was found to reduce surface roughness with about 15.5% and both minimum surface roughness of 0.96 and 1.06 μm was achieved for the TiN–Zn coated and uncoated HSS cutting tool, respectively, with cutting time of 15 s at 1 mm depth of cut, which is viable for machining operations