Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms in MigrainePatients

Giriş: Bu çalışmada migren ile endotelyal nitrik oksit sentaz (eNOS) geni intron 4de, 27 bazlık tekrarlardan oluşan Ardışık Kopya Sayısı Tekrarları (VNTR) ve anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim (ADE) genindeki insersiyon/delesyon polimorfizmlerinin ilişkisi araştırıldı. Yön­tem­ler: Çalışmaya 105 migren başağrısı olan ve 97 sağlıklı kadın birey alındı. Migren hastaları auralı ve aurasız olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılırken, migren atak sıklığı ve şiddeti kaydedildi. eNOS VNTR (eNOS 4a/b) ve ADE insersiyon/delesyon polimorfizmleri (ADE I/D) polimorfizmleri polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu yöntemi ile belirlendi. Bul­gu­lar: eNOS 4 a/b gen polimorfizminin alel ve genotip sıklıkları migren ile kontrol grubu arasında farklılık göstermedi. ADE I/D gen polimorfizminin migren grubunda genotipik dağılımı kontrol grubundan anlamlı olarak farklı bulundu. DD ve ID genotiplerinin II genotipine göre migren olasılığını 2,571 (%95 CI- 1,138-5,811) ile 4,453 (%95 CI- 2,006-9,883) oranında artırdığı saptandı. Aynı risk artışı auralı migren alt grubunda her iki genotip için sürerken, aurasız migren grubunda sadece ID genotipi için korundu (OR- 3,750, %95 CI- 1,493-9,420). Migren sıklığı ve şiddeti ile gen polimorfizmleri arasında ilişki gözlenmedi. So­nuç: Çalışmamız ADE I/D gen polimorfizmi ile migren ilişkisini desteklemiştir. Ancak eNOS 4 a/b gen polimorfizmi ile migren arasında ilişki gösterilememiştir. (Nö­rop­si­ki­yat­ri Ar­fli­vi 2013; 50: 274-278)Introduction: In this study, we investigated the association of migraine with the Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR), repeated as 27 base pair, gene polymorphism in intron 4 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the insertion/deletion of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms. Met­hods: One hundred and five migraine and ninety seven healthy female control subjects were enrolled in the study. The patients were subdivided as migraine with aura and without aura, and the frequency and severity of migraine headaches were recorded. The eNOS VNTR (eNOS 4 a/b) and ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms (ACE I/D) were assessed by polymerase chain reactions. Re­sults: The allele and genotype frequencies of eNOS 4 a/b gene polymorphism showed no difference between the migraine and control groups. The genotypic distribution of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism in the migraine group significantly differed from that in the control group . The DD and ID genotype increased the risk of migraine as much as 2.571 (95% CI-1.138-5.811) and 4.453 (95% CI-2.006-9.883) compared to the II genotype. The same increased risk sustained for both genotypes in the migraine with aura subgroup, but only the ID genotype remained as the risk factor in the migraine without aura subgroup (OR- 3.750, 95% CI- 1.493-9.420). No association of gene polymorphisms with migraine frequency and severity was observed. Conc­lu­si­on: Our findings support the relationship between migraine and the ACE I/D gene polymorphism. However, no association was found between migraine and the eNOS 4 a/b gene polymorphism. (Arc­hi­ves of Neu­ropsy­chi­atry 2013; 50: 274-278

Vulvar Syringoma: A Case Report

Syringomas are benign tumors of the eccrine sweat glands that are most common on the periorbital region. In the English literature, syringoma of the vulva has rarely been reported. In etiology a hormonal influence has been suggested but, our immunohystochemical study revealed no estrogen and progesterone receptors in the tumor cells. We present the case ofa 53-year-old woman, asymptomatic, no estrogen and progesterone receptors with vulvar syringoma, and review the literature on this unusual disorder. It is important to include syrjrıgoma in the differential diagnosis for papular lesions of the vulva.</p