MOESM1 of Enhanced extraction of butyric acid under high-pressure CO2 conditions to integrate chemical catalysis for value-added chemicals and biofuels

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The different extraction efficiencies of solvents used for butyric acid extraction. Figure S2. A comparison of extraction efficiencies at different extraction times. Figure S3. pH changes after CO2 purging. Figure S4. Microbial growth in fresh medium including 1 g/L butyl butyrate with or without tetradecane treatment

The distribution of major classes of the bacterial community.

<p>Diverse bacteria were present, and it was expected that they played a role in acetate consumption.</p

Abundance in the total community of major metanogenic species.

<p>Double pie chart shows major classes (inner) and species (outer). Mainly methanobacteria are present.</p

The microbial community development in acidic methanogenic reactor.

<p>The acetate was produced by acetogens from H₂ and CO₂. Acetate was used by bacteria and H₂ and CO₂ were regenerated. Finally, acetate was limited, but H₂ continued to be available, and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were harvested.</p

The profile of CH₄ production (blue circle) and acetate concentration (black circle) co-plotted with the numbers of bacteria and archaea (bars).

<p>The results of real-time qPCR are shown as Qty (average quantity value) and standard deviations were shown as error bars.</p

Schematic diagram of Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor (Hf-MBfR) system [11].

<p>Schematic diagram of Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor (Hf-MBfR) system [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144999#pone.0144999.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>].</p

The profile of 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE for (a) bacteria and (c) archaea in Hf-MBfR.

<p>The line number indicates the sampling hour and ‘M’ represents a marker. This neighbor-joining tree shows the relationships between representative sequences and their related strains (b, bacteria; d, archaea). <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 (CP009685) and <i>Sulfolobus acidocaldarius</i> DSM 639T (CP000077) were used as the outgroup for bacteria and archaea, respectively. Scale bar: 0.02 nucleotide substitutions per position for bacteria and 0.05 for archaea.</p