The Length-Weight, Length-Length Relationship and Condition Factor of Angora Loach, Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner, 1897) Inhabiting Kılıçözü Stream in Kızılırmak River Basin (Central Anatolia- Turkey)

In this study, length-weight relationship (LWR), length- length relationship (LLR) and condition factor (K) of Angora loach, Oxynoemacheilus angorae were determined. A total of 103 specimens were sampled from Kılıçözü Stream in 2014. The length and weight of specimens were ranged 3.5-9.8 cm and 0.38-6.58 g, respectively. Lengthweight relationships for female, male and all samples were found as W= 0.01056.TL2.896 (r²= 0.923), W= 0.00963.TL2.940 (r²= 0.978) and W= 0.00987.TL2.929 (r²= 0.963), respectively. LWRs indicated an isometric growth in female, male and all samples. The values of Fulton's condition factor (K) ranged from 0.699 to 1.246 for females and from 0.654 to 1.072 for males. All length-length relationships were statistically significant.In this study, length-weight relationship (LWR), length- length relationship (LLR) and condition factor (K) of Angora loach, Oxynoemacheilus angorae were determined. A total of 103 specimens were sampled from Kılıçözü Stream in 2014. The length and weight of specimens were ranged 3.5-9.8 cm and 0.38-6.58 g, respectively. Lengthweight relationships for female, male and all samples were found as W= 0.01056.TL2.896 (r²= 0.923), W= 0.00963.TL2.940 (r²= 0.978) and W= 0.00987.TL2.929 (r²= 0.963), respectively. LWRs indicated an isometric growth in female, male and all samples. The values of Fulton's condition factor (K) ranged from 0.699 to 1.246 for females and from 0.654 to 1.072 for males. All length-length relationships were statistically significant

Treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with global (ROD) derotation maneuver using pedicle screws

Introduction: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a three dimensional deformity. For the treatment of deformity, nature of deformity should be well understood and treatment strategy has to be directed to the coronal, sagittal and axial components of deformity. Global Derotation (GD) maneuver is based on simple rod derotation from concave side aiming to correct the deformity on coronal, sagittal and axial profile. In this report we reviewed AIS surgery results treated by global derotation maneuver with all pedicle screw instrumentation.Material& Methods: Between 2003 and 2011, 253 patients had been operated using GD technique.80 of 253 patients was included to our study. The patients routinely evaluated with preoperative-postoperative and last follow up standing ortho-x-rays. Coronal and sagittal profile parameters measured on x-rays with digital software using Cobb method. Rotational component of the deformity was measured according to Nash-Moe method at the apical vertebra.Results: 80 patients (71 female ; 9 male)had been followed up average 19,8 (7-37) months. Patients age average were 15,1(12-21) at operation date. Coronal cobb angle measure in thoracic curves preoperative were 48,9° decreased to mean 3,2° postoperatively. The mean coronal thoracolumbar curve were 45,8° preoperatively and decreased to mean 2°. Apical vertebra rotation measure regressed to mean 0,68 (0-1). Thoracic kyphosis showed downward tendency from mean 37,8° to mean 27,8°.Conclusion: Rod derotation technique enable to correct coronal and axial profile. Coronal Cobb angle improvement seen obviously with correction of axial profile rotation. Sagittal hypokyphotic effect of GD should be kept in mind

STRUKTURA POPULACIJE I RAST CRVENPERKE, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L., 1758), IZ EUTROFNOG JEZERA U JUŽNOJ ANATOLIJI

A total of 1329 samples were collected from monthly sampling between November 2009 and October 2010 in order to analyze growth features and population structure of rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus living in Lake Ladik which has eutrophic character. The fork length (FL) ranged from 9.8 to 21.4 cm and the body weight (W) ranged from 13.62 to 200.68 g. Based on lapillus readings, the maximum age was 7 years. The overall ratio of female to male was 1:0.16. The von Bertalanffy growth equation parameters were calculated as L∞ = 39.32 cm, W∞ = 1504.92 g, k = 0.08, t0 = -1.08 for females, and L∞ = 28.19 cm, W∞ = 448.03 g, k = 0.13, t0 = -1.19 for males. Length-weight relationship for females and males was found as W = 0.0060 FL3.386 and W = 0.0078 FL3.282, respectively. The Fulton’s condition factor (K) showed an upward trend with reference to age and length groups in both sex. The value of mean K was computed as 1.737 for females, 1.667 for males and 1.727 for combined sexes. This study provides the initial data on population structure, growth features and condition of rudd in Lake Ladik. Obtained data have shown that population is comprised of young individuals and that the growth rate of the species is slow.Prikupljeno je ukupno 1329 uzoraka mjesečnim uzorkovanjem između studenog 2009. i listopada 2010. radi analize mogućnosti rasta i strukture populacije crvenperke, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, koja obitava u eutrofnom jezeru Ladik. Dužina do vilice (FL) kretala se u rasponu od 9,8 do 21,4 cm, a tjelesna težina (W) u rasponu 13,62-200,68 g. Na temelju čitanja otolita (lapillus), maksimalna dob iznosila je sedam godina. Ukupni omjer ženki i mužjaka je iznosio 1: 0,16. Von Bertalanffy-evi parametri rasta su izračunati kao L∞ = 39,32 cm, W∞ = 1504,92 g, k = 0,08, t0 = -1,08 za ženke i L∞ = 28,19 cm W∞ = 448,03 g, k = 0,13, t0 = -1,19 za mužjake. Dužinsko maseni odnos prikazan je jednadžbom W = 0,0060 FL3,386 za ženke i W = 0,0078 FL3,282za mužjake. Fultonovim kondicijskim faktorom (K) prikazan je uzlazni trend s obzirom na dob i duljinu skupina u oba spola. Srednja vrijednost K iznosila je 1,737 za ženke, 1,667 za mužjake i 1,727 za oba spola. Ova studija daje podatke o strukturi populacija, mogućnosti rasta i kondicije crvenperke iz jezera Ladik. Dobiveni podaci pokazali su da se populacije sastoje od mlađih individua, a stopa rasta vrste je spora

The Length-Weight, Length-Length Relationship and Condition Factor of Angora Loach, Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner, 1897) Inhabiting Kılıçözü Stream in Kızılırmak River Basin (Central Anatolia-Turkey)

In this study, length-weight relationship (LWR), length- length relationship (LLR) and condition factor (K) of Angora loach, Oxynoemacheilus angorae were determined. A total of 103 specimens were sampled from Kılıçözü Stream in 2014. The length and weight of specimens were ranged 3.5-9.8 cm and 0.38-6.58 g, respectively. Length-weight relationships for female, male and all samples were found as W= 0.01056.TL2.896 (r²= 0.923), W= 0.00963.TL2.940 (r²= 0.978) and W= 0.00987.TL2.929 (r²= 0.963), respectively. LWRs indicated an isometric growth in female, male and all samples. The values of Fulton’s condition factor (K) ranged from 0.699 to 1.246 for females and from 0.654 to 1.072 for males. All length-length relationships were statistically significant

Evaluation of Different Bony Structures to Age Determination of Pike (Esox lucius L., 1758) Inhabiting Lake Ladik (Samsun)

Ladik Gölü'nden Kasım 2009-Ekim 2010 tarihleri arasında yakalanan turna balığı (Esox lucius L., 1758) bireylerinin farklı kemiksi yapıları yaş tayini amacıyla incelenmiştir. Toplam 204 örnekten pul, omur, otolit (sagitta) ve kleitrumlar alınmıştır. Yaş tayininden önce tüm kemiksi yapılar ön incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Ön incelemeler sonucunda omur, sagittal otolitler ve kleitrumların yaş tayinine uygun olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu yapılar yaş analizlerinden çıkarılmıştır. Ladik Gölü'ndeki turna populasyonunda yaş tayini için en uygun yapının pul olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Sadece pulda bir okuyucu tarafından üç tekrarlı yaş okuması yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak pul okumalarında, ortalama yaş 3,18, yüzde uyum (3/3) % 57,35, ortalama yüzde hata 6,14 ve değişim katsayısı 13,99 olarak hesaplanmıştırDifferent bony structure of pike, Esox lucius L., 1758 individuals caught from Lake Ladik between November 2009 and October 2010 were examined for age determination. Scale, vertebra, otolith (sagitta) and cleithrum were removed from 204 individuals. Before age determination, all hard structures are subjected to prior review. After preliminary examination, it was decided that vertebra, sagittal otoliths and cleithra structures were not usable for age estimation. Therefore, these bony structures were not used in age analysis. It was concluded that scale is the most suitable bony structure for age determination in Lake Ladik population of this species. The scales were only analyzed three times by one reader. As a result, mean ages, percent agreement (3/3), average percent error, coefficient of variation were calculated as 3.18, 57.35 %, 6.14, 13.99, respectively in reading scal

Reproduction Properties of Wels Catfish (Silurus glanis, L., 1758) Inhabiting Sıddıklı Reservoir

In this study, some reproduction properties (sex ratio, reproduction period, egg diameter and fecundity) of Silurus glanis inhabiting Sıddıklı Reservoir were investigated. A total of 200 samples were caught between September 2015 and August 2016 from different regions of Sıddıklı Reservoir. Sex ratio was calculated as 0.88:1.00 (Female: Male). The sex ratio was not statistically different from the expected 1.00:1.00 (χ2= 0.841, P>0.05). The values of gonadosomatic index (GSI) varied from 0.033 to 11.80 in females and 0.008 to 0.451 in males. According to GSI values, reproduction period of the S. glanis in Sıddıklı Reservoir was determined to be between April and June. The mean total fecundity and egg diameter were calculated as 46343 eggs/individual and 1.758 mm, respectively. Relative fecundity for each kilogram of female fish was 13000 eggs. The strong relationships between total fecundity-length and total fecundity-weight were determined (r2>0.80)

Evaluation of Different Bony Structures to Age Determination of Pike (Esox lucius L., 1758) Inhabiting Lake Ladik (Samsun)

Different bony structure of pike, Esox lucius L., 1758 individuals caught from Lake Ladik between November 2009 and October 2010 were examined for age determination. Scale, vertebra, otolith (sagitta) and cleithrum were removed from 204 individuals. Before age determination, all hard structures are subjected to prior review. After preliminary examination, it was decided that vertebra, sagittal otoliths and cleithra structures were not usable for age estimation. Therefore, these bony structures were not used in age analysis. It was concluded that scale is the most suitable bony structure for age determination in Lake Ladik population of this species. The scales were only analyzed three times by one reader. As a result, mean ages, percent agreement (3/3), average percent error, coefficient of variation were calculated as 3.18, 57.35 %, 6.14, 13.99, respectively in reading scale

Ladik gölü (Samsun/Türkiye)'ndeki Tatlısu Levreği (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758)'nin farklı kemiksi yapılarından karşılaştırmalı yaş tayin

Bu çalışmada Ladik Gölü'nde yaşayan tatlısu levreğinin farklı kemiksi yapılarından karşılaştırmalı yaş analizi yapılarak, yaş belirleme için en güvenilir kemiksi yapının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Örnekleme Kasım 2009-Ekim 2010 tarihleri arasında aylık olarak yapılmıştır. Örneklemede değişik göz açıklığına sahip fanyasız ağlar kullanılmıştır. Toplam 858 birey elde edilmiştir. Yaş tayini çalışması için Ocak-Şubat aylarına ait 114 bireyden omur, otolit (sagitta), operkül ve pul olmak üzere 4 farklı kemiksi yapı alınmıştır. Kemiksi yapılar uygun tekniklerle yaş belirlemeye hazırlanmıştır. Tüm kemiksi yapılar x10 büyütmeli binoküler mikroskopta bir okuyucu tarafından değişik zamanlarda 3 kez okunmuştur. Güvenilir kemiksi yapının tespit edilmesinde yüzde uyum (YU), ortalama yüzde hata (OYH) ve değişim katsayısı (DK) değerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Kemiksi yapılarda 1-9 arası yaşlar gözlenmiştir. En yüksek yaş otolitte 5, omurda 6, pul ve operkülde 9 olarak belirlenmiş ve tüm yapılarda 3 yaş grubu baskın yıl sınıfını oluşturmuştur. Ortalama yaşlar omur, otolit, operkül ve pulda sırasıyla; 3.16, 3.04, 4.09, 3.79 olarak hesaplanmıştır. En yüksek yüzde uyum (% 77.19), en düşük ortalama yüzde hata (3.40) ve değişim katsayısı (4.53) değeri omurda elde edilmiştir. Perca fluviatilis'in Ladik Gölü populasyonunda yaş tayini için en güvenilir kemiksi yapının omur olduğu sonucuna varılmıştırThe aim of this research is to make comparative age analysis from different bony structures and to estimate the most reliable calcified structure for age determination of perch inhabiting Lake Ladik. Sampling was carried out monthly between November 2009 and October 2010. Fish were caught using gill nets with various mesh size. A total of 858 specimens were obtained. Four different bony structures such as vertebra, otolith (sagittae), opercle and scale from 114 individuals collected in January and February were removed for age determination. Bony structures were prepared to age determination with appropriate techniques. All calcified structures were read three times by one reader using binocular microscope with x10 magnification. Percent agreement (PE), average percent error (APE) and coefficient of variation (CV) were considered in estimation of reliable bony structure. Age compositions of calcified structures were between 1 and 9 years old. Maximum age was determined as 5, 6, 9 and 9 for otolith, vertebra, scale and opercle, respectively. The dominant age class was 3 for each bony structure. Mean ages of vertebra, otolith, opercle and scale were calculated as 3.16, 3.04, 4.09 and 3.79, respectively. The highest percent agreement (77.19%), the lowest average percent error (3.40) and coefficient of variation (4.53) were obtained for vertebra. It was concluded that vertebra was the most reliable bony structure for age determination of Perca fluviatilis population in Lake Ladi

The determination of the most reliable ageing method for the rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L., 1758) population in Lake Ladik, Samsun, Turkey

Ladik Gölü'nden Şubat-Mart 2010 tarihlerinde yakalanan 260 adet kızılkanat balığı (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L., 1758) bireyinde pul, omur, operkül, utrikular (lapillus) ve lagenar (asteriskus) otolitlerden okunan yaşlar en güvenilir yaş tayini yönteminin belirlenmesi amacıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Her bir kemiksi yapı için bir okuyucu tarafından üç okuma yapılmıştır. Tüm kemiksi yapılar için ortalama yaş bulunmuş ve tekrarlı okumalarda elde edilen yaş verilerinin uyumu yüzde uyum (YU), ortalama yüzde hata (OYH) ve değişim katsayısı (DK) hesaplamalarıyla değerlendirilmiştir. En yüksek YU (% 71.71), en düşük OYH (% 2.71) ve DK (% 3.56) değerinden dolayı, türün Ladik Gölü populasyonunda yaş tayini için en güvenilir kemiksi yapının lapillus olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Lapillus yaşları diğer kemiksi yapılarla kıyaslandığında, en yüksek uyumun lapillus-asteriskus yaş okumaları arasında olduğu gözlenmiştirAges estimated from scales, vertebrae, opercles, utricular (lapillus) and lagenar (asteriscus) otoliths of 260 rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L., 1758) specimens captured from Lake Ladik in February and March 2010 were compared to determine the most reliable ageing method. Three readings were made for each bony structure by one reader. Mean ages were determined for all bony structures and precision of ages obtained from multiple readings was evaluated calculating percent agreement (PA), average percent error (APE) and coefficient of variation (CV). Due to the highest PA (71.71 %) and the lowest APE (2.71 %) and CV (3.56 %) values, it was concluded that lapillus is the most reliable bony structure for age determination in Lake Ladik population of this species. When lapillus ages were compared with other bony structures, the highest precision was found between lapillus and asteriscus age reading