THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COURSE DURATION, AGE, COST, PROGRAMME TYPE, UNIVERSITY TYPE AND ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION

This paper investigated the relationship between course duration, age at completion of programme, total cost of programme, university type and economic benefit of postgraduate education of university lecturers in Edo and Delta states. The hypothesis was tested using the least square linear regression model. The findings showed that: the age at completing, total cost and course duration of postgraduate education significantly affect economic benefits; and university type does not significantly affect economic benefit of university lecturers in Edo and Delta states. The results of this study have serious implications for continued investment in this type of educational programme. It is therefore, recommended that Individuals intending to invest in postgraduate education should be encouraged to do so at an earlier age to enable them reap optimal benefits from their investments in education. Course duration affects economic benefit. Individuals are encouraged to keep improving themselves as the higher one goes academically the more economic benefit the individual will derive.  Article visualizations

Evaluation of the probability of using total lymphocyte count as an alternative to CD4 count in initiation of art

Measurement of CD4+ T cell count in the diagnosis of HIV in a resource-constrain settings is often difficult due to high cost of equipments, reagents, and demand for trained personnel. There is need for relatively cost effective technique with good Prognosis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Two hundred and fourty four (244) HIV seropositive (tests) and fifty (50) HIV seronegative individuals (controls) were analyzed for CD4 count and TLC. The result of the study was analyzed using SPSS 14, the mean + SEM 930 + 43 cells/ìl (CD4 count) and 2026 + 75 cells/mm3 Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) in control and 196 + 8.0 cells/ìl (CD4 count) and 1969 + 66 cells/mm3 (TLC) in Test group were obtained. There was significant difference between the values of CD4 count recorded in Test (196 + 8.0 cells/ì) when compared with the value recorded in Control (930 + 43 cells/ìl) (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the values of TLC recorded in Test (1969 + 66 cells/mm3) when compared with the values recorded in the control (2026 + 75 cells/mm3) (p<0.01). This is due to the fact that CD4+T lymphocyte are specificallytargeted by HIV which results in linear reduction in CD4 count not the whole population of Tlymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. A spearman’s correlation study was done between the CD4 counts and TLC, indicated a slightly positive correlation (r= 0.586) among the test individuals and strongpositive correlation in the control (r = 0.739). It could be concluded that  total lymphocyte count can not be used alone as an alternative to CD4 count in initiating ART, but in conjunction with clinical sign and symptoms.Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus, CD4 count, Total lymphocyte count, and Antiretroviral therapy

A review of anaesthesia for emergency laparotomy in paediatric intestinal obstruction in Enugu, Nigeria

Background: To review the anaesthetic management and outcome for emergency laparotomy for paediatric intestinal obstruction in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Methods: The anaesthetic charts and folders of pediatric patients that had emergency laparotomy for intestinal obstruction in the general operating theatre of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria, from October 2007 - September 2008 were reviewed. The records were examined for anaesthetic technique, patient primary diagnosis, intra-operative events, blood and fluid therapy and patient outcome. Patients above thirteen years were excluded. Results: Forty-four out of 285 (15.7%) paediatric patients underwent emergency laparotomy for intestinal obstruction in the general operating theatre. There were 29 males and 15 females. The average age of the patients was 3.75 years. There were a total of 1674 anesthetics in the general operating theatre during the study. The leading causes of intestinal obstruction in this study were typhoid peritonitis (14 or 31.8%), intussusceptions (14 or 31.8%) and congenital anomalies (11 or 25%). Six patients (13%) had a preoperative packed cell volume of less than 30%, while ten patients received intra-operative blood transfusion (21.7%). There was one anesthetic death to give a case mortality rate of 2.2%. Conclusion: The mortality rate in this study shows the importance and relevance of trained providers of anaesthesia managing paediatric patients in the developing world. Early presentation of patients allowed time for resuscitation and fewer complications before surgery

The contract of sale and the consumer of petroleum products in Nigeria: A right without a remedy?

When a good is exchanged with money, it is in most cases under a business  atmosphere. In most of such cases a commercial relationship is created which has or should have legal implications and consequences. The essence of this paper is to  appraise the nature of the transaction that takes place between the buyer and the seller of a petroleum product at an outlet: whether it is a full-fledged contract with all the legal effects or just a transaction bereft of any legal relations. If there is a contract, what  type is it and what is the effect of the breach of such a contract or will the consumer who has been injured by the consumption of the petroleum product go without a remedy

Training and Development in the Nigerian Public Sector: A Case Study of the Public Schools

2014 dissertation for MA in International Human Resources Management. Selected by academic staff as a good example of a masters level dissertation. The study focuses on training and development of teachers in the public education sector. The study will use a case study research design. This research design is important for this purpose because it allows the researcher to test whether theories on training and development are applicable in practice as they are said to be in theory. Additionally, the research design allows the researcher to explore the issues under research in an in-depth manner (Mustafa, 2008, p.17). The study will focus on teachers in public schools in Nigeria. The choice of this study population is guided by the need to correlate the findings of the study with governmental policies in teacher training and development in the public education sector. In order to collect the information required for the study, the researcher will use a questionnaire. The questionnaire will be developed to collect information in a quick but effective manner (Cargan, 2007, p.116). The variables of the study will be gender, the highest level of education, age, and length of stay at the school, previous trainings and their impact on ability to teach. Through a questionnaire, the researcher will get information on the take of the study population on the importance of training and development on their teaching career. The data from the study will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. It is an appropriate tool for data analysis because it enables the researcher to manipulate the data in order to draw correlations between the variables of the study (Griffith, 2010, p.91). The data from the study will offer insights in the formulation of policies on training and development in the public education sector. Additionally, the case study will test the working of policies on teacher development and training and the attitudes of the teachers towards the programs

Geohelminth infections in egg laying domestic fowls and associated financial losses in poultry production

Domestic fowls especially egg layers (of the genus Gallus gallus domesticus: Galliformis) in different poultry farms in Rivers State of Nigeria were observed to either die in their numbers or perform poorly. On post mortem examinations of 500 birds carcasses which were routinely carried out over a period of 6 months, it was observed tha tmany of them had parasitic helminthes in their gastro intestinal tracts.These were majorly responsible for much of the mortality and low productivity in the birds.Two hundred and seven(207 ie 41.4%) of them were found with helminthes in their gastro-intestinal tracts. These included several species of stomach and intestinal worms such as Ascariidia galli(50.2%),Taeniasp.(40.6%), Heterakis gallinaerium(4.3%),Capillaria retunsa(2.9%)and Tetramere americana(1.9%).Two of the helminthic species-Taenia sp. and Ascariidia sp. were found to cause more severe damage to the layers especially in terms of mortality and loss of eggs. The economic implications(costs of prophylaxis and other therapeutic measures for prevention and/or removal of the helminthes in these poultry farms) of this level of infestation and their adverse effects on profitable commercial poultry-production was analyzed.  The financial losses associated with the loss of the birds and their products were considered. This was observed and reported to be in millions of naira. Keywords: Domestic fowl, Egg layers, Financial loss, helminthosis.

Investigating the Effects of Temperature, Paste Height and Time on the Rolling of Solder Paste

Based on application, it was found that the rheological properties of the solder paste play an important role in the print performance. Temperature-dependent rheological behaviour of the lead-free solder paste and flux medium used for flip-chip assembly applications were studied. Two commercially available lead-free solder pastes P1 (LF318) and P2 (LF328) prepared from fluxes F1 and F2 were used. The temperatures under investigation were 15˚C, 25˚C, and 35˚C. All the results recorded were put into the Gauge calculator. The snap-off height variable and the condition of the printing equipment were used to determine the print height. Slump test was used to determine the slumping behaviour at room temperature and during reflow. Results show that the properties of solder paste are immensely affected by paste heights, high temperature variations, time and humidity. Keywords: Surface Mount Technology (SMT), Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Assembly, Slump Test, Reflow Soldering, Solder Paste. DOI: 10.7176/ISDE/11-1-05 Publication date: February 29th 2020

Zoonotic Diseases of Poultry: A Threat to Profitable Poultry Production. A Review

Zoonosis is defined as diseases and/or infections which are transmitted naturally between vertebrate animals and man (Gillian et al 2008; WHO 2010). Zoonotic diseases associated with poultry include; Avian influenza, Avian tuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Ornithosis, Cryptosporidiosis and Campylobacteriosis. Birds infected with these diseases may have diarrhoea and discoloured dropping, but some birds may show no symptom of disease. Free-range animals are more likely to carry these infections than those raised and housed in a laboratory setting. Zoonotic diseases are heterogeneous group of infections with varied epidemiology, clinical features and control measures. The causative organism may be viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan parasites or unconventional agents (WHO 2010). Any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animal to human and vice-versa is classified as zoonosis (Taria et al 2004; WHO 2010). Over 200 zoonoses have been described and they have been known for centuries. Transmission may occur in number of settings, ranging from indirect contact through food or drinking water contaminated by microbes, (e.g. campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis) or indirectly via vector such as mosquitoes or tick and contaminated inanimate objects, oral ingestion or inhalation of aerosolized materials to direct-contact through occupational exposure on farm, during leisure or from pet(s)