Translation and validation of the reduced Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) from English to Yoruba

The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) developed in English language for assessment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) may be misinterpreted among Yoruba-speaking patients. This study translated the reduced WOMAC into Yoruba and validated the translated copy with the original one. Sixty radiographically-confirmed knee osteoarthritic subjects in the south-west of Nigeria participated in this study. The original English version of the WOMAC was translated into Yoruba language (used as Yoruba version) by two linguists from the Department of Linguistic and African Languages, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The Yoruba version was retranslated into English by the English Department of the same university to ensure accuracy. The original and retranslated questionnaires were administered to each subject at 3 days interval. After two weeks the retranslated questionnaire was administered to each subject. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The results of validation showed that there were positive significant relationships between the scores for the original WOMAC and retranslated WOMAC in all the domains (pain; r=0.996, p<0.001, stiffness; r=0.971, p<0.001, difficulty r=0.980, p<0.001). The test retest reliability also showed a positive significant relationship (pain; r=0.996, p<0.001, stiffness; r=0.990, p<0.001, difficulty r=0.992, p<0.001) between the scores for the retranslated WOMAC at first administration and the scores when re-administered after 2 weeks in all the domains.It can be concluded from the study that the Yoruba version of the reduced Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index is reliable and valid as an outcome measure for assessing patients with knee osteoarthritis.Keywords: WOMAC, knee osteoarthritis, pain, stiffness and difficult

Quadriceps strength and anterior knee pain following tibia intramedullary nailing: Any clinical relationship?

Introduction: Anterior knee pain can be chronic sequelae of intramedullary nailing of the tibia. Several causes have been identified; no single reason can fully explain the occurrence. We, therefore, set out to find the rate of anterior knee pain in our practice and if any relationship exists between the anterior knee pain and extensor muscle strength.Methodology: A total of 72 knees in 36 patients with no prior history of knee pain, but had unilateral tibiofibular fracture, who had internal fixation with interlocking intramedullary nailing done and were followed up for at least 1 year were recruited into the study. The tension generated on extension of the knee against a resistance using tensiometer was measured in Newton. The ranges of motion of the knees were documented, as well as Lysholm score which measures activities and document the presence and limitation caused by anterior knee pain.Results: A total of 36 patients with 72 knees were studied. Anterior knee pain occurred in 7 (19.4%) patients in this study. There was no statistically significant relationship between the force of tension (N) generated in the extensor in patients with anterior knee pain compared with those without knee pain (158.43 ± 49.35, 189.54 ± 74.63, P = 0.304). There was, however, a significant statistical relationship between the mean Lysholm score of the operated and unoperated knee (P = 0.042).Conclusion: Anterior knee pain rate was 19.4% in our series and no statistical association exists between the extensor strength and occurrence of anterior knee pain.Keywords: Anterior knee pain, intramedullary nailing, quadricep

Predictability of chronic kidney disease using anthropometric parameters

Background: Renal failure is a global public health challenge affecting psychosocial, physiological and the physical aspects of the patient. Aims: The study compared selected anthropometric parameters of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) withage-and-sex matched apparently healthy control and derived predictive equation for CKD using anthropometric variables Materials and Method: Sixty five patients with renal failure attending Renal Outpatient Department of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex Ile-Ife, were purposively selected along with 65 age-and-sex matched apparently healthy individuals to participated in the study. Anthropometric parameters of subjects and apparently healthy individuals involving weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and wrist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and frame size were calculated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: The results showed that the wrist circumference (t=2.47, p=0.02), waist circumference (t=3.64, p=0.00), body mass index (t=3.16, p=0.00), waist-to-hip ratio (t=4.66, p=0.00), waist-to-height ratio (t=3.69, p=0.00) and frame size (t=-3.53, p=0.00) of subjects with chronic renal failure were significantly higher than that of the control group.The percentage contribution of these variable to the prediction of CKD is more than 30 %.Prediction equation for the occurrence of Chronic kidney disease is: Y = 1.363+ 0.008 (Age/years)- 0.004(Weigh/Kg)+ 0.110 (WaistC/Cm) – 2.260 (WHR) -2.317(WHtR) + 0.156 (FRS) Conclusion: It was concluded that patients with chronic kidney disease had significantly higher anthropometric parameters than the healthy controls. The prediction of CKD using body adiposity indices is more than 30

Comparative Evaluation of Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Improved Nigerian Indigenous Broiler and Different Crossbreds

The study was carried out as part of efforts to improve the performance of the Nigerian indigenous chicken and improve potentials of indigenous broiler strains to provide higher quality of meat at a reduced cost. The study compared the growth and feeding traits of three different chicken crossbreds with the generated lines of Improved Nigerian indigenous broiler (FUNAAB-Alpha) using the Arbor Acre broiler as the experimental control. Males of three broiler breeds types (Kuroiler, Sasso and Arbo Acre) were mated with a total of 120 improved Nigerian indigenous pullets (FUNAAB-Alpha) to generate 360 crossbred broilers. 120 each of Arbor Acre and FUNAAB-Alpha improved line were also reared in a separate pen for comparison. Growth performance, feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of all the chicken breeds were recorded for 8 weeks and compared. Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the analysis with consideration of the effect of breeds, sex and its interaction. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) influence of the breeds on the traits across all ages. FUNAAB-Alpha broiler consumed the least quantity of feed/bird/day followed by the Sasso-FUNAAB-Alpha crossbred throughout the period of the experiment. However, Sasso-FUNAAB-Alpha chicken had the highest mean value for body weight and other linear body parameters among the crossbreds. Despite of the improvements achieved in FUNAAB-Alpha crosses, there is a need for further analysis and research in order to achieve the maximum potential of the improved broiler strai

Comparative evaluation of carcass composition of FUNAAB Alpha broiler with two exotic broiler breeds

The contribution of local chickens to meat supply in Nigeria is considered appreciable even though they have been poorly exploited. Thus, this study was conducted to compare the carcass performance of FUNAAB Alpha broilers to Arbor Acre and Cobb 500 breeds. A total of 50 FUNAAB Alpha, 50 Arbor Acre and 50 Cobb broilers were reared for a period of 8weeks. Data collected were in percentage to the total dressed weight and Arcsine transformed to be used as absolute data Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Cobb 500 breed had the highest value for bled, de-feathered and eviscerated weight (1621.64±93.14g, 1533.14±93.37g and 1254.71±80.19g respectively) followed by the Arbor Acre and FUNAAB Alpha breed. However, the FUNAAB Alpha broiler strain had the highest percentage of heart weight (3.12±0.30), empty gizzard weight (2.34±0.10), liver weight (2.45±0.10), thigh weight (11.21±0.21) and the neck weight (5.45±0.09) while Cobb 500 and Arbor Acre broilers showed higher percentage for wing weight (9.73±0.12), leg weight (4.64±0.12) and drum stick weight (10.78±0.13). The study concludes that the FUNAAB Alpha broilers have good potentials for meat production and could serve as an additional source of animal protein for the rural poor in Nigeria