41 research outputs found
Salt, Hot Water, and Silicon Compounds Tracing Massive Twin Disks
We report results of 0.05"-resolution observations toward the O-type
proto-binary system IRAS 16547-4247 with the Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We present dynamical and chemical
structures of the circumbinary disk, circumstellar disks, outflows and jets,
illustrated by multi-wavelength continuum and various molecular lines. In
particular, we detect sodium chloride, silicon compounds, and
vibrationally-excited water lines as probes of the individual protostellar
disks at a scale of 100 au. These are complementary to typical hot-core
molecules tracing the circumbinary structures on a 1000-au scale. The H2O line
tracing inner-disks has an upper-state energy of Eu/k>3000K, indicating a high
temperature of the disks. On the other hand, despite the detected transitions
of NaCl, SiO, and SiS not necessarily having high upper-state energies, they
are enhanced only in the vicinity of the protostars. We interpret that these
molecules are the products of dust destruction, which only happens in the inner
disks. This is the second detection of alkali metal halide in protostellar
systems after the case of the disk of Orion Source I, and also one of few
massive protostellar disks associated with high-energy transition water and
silicon compounds. These new results suggest these "hot-disk" lines may be
common in innermost disks around massive protostars, and have great potential
for future research of massive star formation. We also tentatively find that
the twin disks are counter-rotating, which might give a hint of the origin of
the massive proto-binary system IRAS 16547-4247.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 2 appendix figures. Published in ApJ Letter
Alcoholic liver disease: A current molecular and clinical perspective.
Heavy alcohol use is the cause of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The ALD spectrum ranges from alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In Western countries, approximately 50% of cirrhosis-related deaths are due to alcohol use. While alcoholic cirrhosis is no longer considered a completely irreversible condition, no effective anti-fibrotic therapies are currently available. Another significant clinical aspect of ALD is alcoholic hepatitis (AH). AH is an acute inflammatory condition that is often comorbid with cirrhosis, and severe AH has a high mortality rate. Therapeutic options for ALD are limited. The established treatment for AH is corticosteroids, which improve short-term survival but do not affect long-term survival. Liver transplantation is a curative treatment option for alcoholic cirrhosis and AH, but patients must abstain from alcohol use for 6 months to qualify. Additional effective therapies are needed. The molecular mechanisms underlying ALD are complex and have not been fully elucidated. Various molecules, signaling pathways, and crosstalk between multiple hepatic and extrahepatic cells contribute to ALD progression. This review highlights established and emerging concepts in ALD clinicopathology, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and current and future ALD treatment options
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Alcoholic liver disease: A current molecular and clinical perspective.
Heavy alcohol use is the cause of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The ALD spectrum ranges from alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In Western countries, approximately 50% of cirrhosis-related deaths are due to alcohol use. While alcoholic cirrhosis is no longer considered a completely irreversible condition, no effective anti-fibrotic therapies are currently available. Another significant clinical aspect of ALD is alcoholic hepatitis (AH). AH is an acute inflammatory condition that is often comorbid with cirrhosis, and severe AH has a high mortality rate. Therapeutic options for ALD are limited. The established treatment for AH is corticosteroids, which improve short-term survival but do not affect long-term survival. Liver transplantation is a curative treatment option for alcoholic cirrhosis and AH, but patients must abstain from alcohol use for 6 months to qualify. Additional effective therapies are needed. The molecular mechanisms underlying ALD are complex and have not been fully elucidated. Various molecules, signaling pathways, and crosstalk between multiple hepatic and extrahepatic cells contribute to ALD progression. This review highlights established and emerging concepts in ALD clinicopathology, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and current and future ALD treatment options