P-R-R Study Technique, Group Counselling And Gender Influence On Academic Performance Of Secondary School Students

This study investigated the influence of gender on the effectiveness of Preview-Read-Recall (P-R-R) study technique and group counselling on the academic performance of senior secondary school students. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of Group Counselling combined with P-R-R study technique on the academic performance of senior secondary school students; and to find out if the outcome of the treatment would be influenced by the gender of the students. The sample for this study consists of forty-five Senior Secondary School Students comprising of twenty-one (21) males and twenty-four (females). The treatment group was exposed to a combination of group counselling and P-R-R study technique, while the control group was exposed to a non-specific treatment. Two hypotheses were formulate and tested using mean scores and the t-test The result of the study showed a significant difference between the treatment group and control in their academic performance. This implied that a combination of group counselling and P-R-R was effective in enhancing secondary school students' academic performance. The treatment package was also suitable for both males and females. It was recommended that a combination of group counselling and P-R-R should be used to enhance secondary school students' academic performance irrespective of their sexes. Key Words: Academic performance, Group counselling, Study techniques, Gender, Nigeri

Expansion of large-scale Paddy field management entity in the regions advanced in agricultural structure

　This paper analyzes expansion of large-scale Paddy field management entity and change of agricultural structure in Japan. Paddy agriculture has changed. Mid-size agricultural management entities have decreased and large-scale management entities have increased. This factor is due to downturn in rice price and agricultural structure policy. Those large-scale management entities have accumulated paddy fields more than half of agricultural commune. Sustainability and vison of such a farm management entities are vital for maintenance and development of regional agriculture. 　This paper takes up development of large-scale management. N Corporation, which manages 395ha of farmland in Toyota, Aichi Prefecture, has been analyzed as a case study. The findings of the analysis are as follows : The speed of increasing the workforce to accompany the enlargement of the managed area depends on, which is the reason why N Corporation became organization change from cooperative to corporation. The conversion in the latter case has changed the status of workers, who used to be members of the cooperative, to employees and the management of workers from a horizontal system to a more vertical and sectional structure. 　From the above, this paper can draw the following conclusion : Large-scale management entities was changed by field scale expansion. They are face a decrease in yield and decrease in earnings of the paddy fields agriculture. As a result, they need to organization change. And agricultural structure policy is not only required to accumulate fields but also to overall management support

In vitro anti‑inflammation, selective cytotoxicity, and inhibition of induced nitric oxide from lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages activities of flavonoids from Hermannia geniculata Eckl and Zeyh roots extract

Please read abstract in the article.http://www.phcog.comhj2021Paraclinical Science

Citywide Trauma Experience in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Need for Urgent Intervention.

Trauma remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in resource limited countries. There is paucity of published reports on trauma care in Tanzania, particularly the study area. This study was carried out to describe our experiences in trauma management outlining the etiological spectrum, injury characteristics and treatment outcome of trauma patients at our local setting and compare our results with those from other centers in the world. A descriptive prospective study of trauma patients was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre from April 2010 to March 2012. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS software version 17.0. A total of 5672 trauma patients were enrolled in the study. The male to female ratio was 2.3: 1. The majority of patients were in the 2nd decade of life. Road traffic accident was the most common cause of trauma accounting for 60.7% of cases. The majority of patients (76.6%) sustained blunt injuries. Musculoskeletal (68.5%) and head/neck (52.6%) were the most frequent body region injured. Soft tissue injuries (open wounds) and fractures were the most common injuries accounting for 82.8% and 76.8% respectively. Majority of patients (74.4%) were treated surgically with wound debridement (94.0%) being the most frequently performed procedure. Postoperative complications were recorded in 31.5% of cases.The overall median duration of hospitalization was 26 days (range 1 day to 144 days). Mortality rate was 16.7%. Patients who had polytrauma, burn injuries and those who had tetanus and long bone fractures stayed longer in the hospital and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001), whereas the age > 65 years, severe trauma, admission Systolic Blood Pressure < 90 mmHg, presence of tetanus, severe head injury, the duration of loss of consciousness, the need for intensive care unit admission and finding of space occupying lesion on CT scan of the brain significantly influenced mortality (P < 0.001). Trauma resulting from road traffic accidents remains a major public health problem in this part of Tanzania. Urgent preventive measures targeting at reducing the occurrence of road traffic accidents is necessary to reduce the incidence of trauma in this region

Expansion of large-scale Paddy field management entity in the regions advanced in agricultural structure

　This paper analyzes expansion of large-scale Paddy field management entity and change of agricultural structure in Japan. Paddy agriculture has changed. Mid-size agricultural management entities have decreased and large-scale management entities have increased. This factor is due to downturn in rice price and agricultural structure policy. Those large-scale management entities have accumulated paddy fields more than half of agricultural commune. Sustainability and vison of such a farm management entities are vital for maintenance and development of regional agriculture. 　This paper takes up development of large-scale management. N Corporation, which manages 395ha of farmland in Toyota, Aichi Prefecture, has been analyzed as a case study. The findings of the analysis are as follows : The speed of increasing the workforce to accompany the enlargement of the managed area depends on, which is the reason why N Corporation became organization change from cooperative to corporation. The conversion in the latter case has changed the status of workers, who used to be members of the cooperative, to employees and the management of workers from a horizontal system to a more vertical and sectional structure. 　From the above, this paper can draw the following conclusion : Large-scale management entities was changed by field scale expansion. They are face a decrease in yield and decrease in earnings of the paddy fields agriculture. As a result, they need to organization change. And agricultural structure policy is not only required to accumulate fields but also to overall management support

Adult Abdominal Tuberculosis in Benin City Nigeria

Eight adult patients were diagnosed as having abdominal tuberculosis in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, over a six year period (January 1997 to December 2002). There were 7 females and 1 male aged between 20 and 55years (mean 30years); mean duration of symptoms before presentation was 14weeks. The main presenting symptoms were: abdominal pain (6), fever (4), weight loss (7), and ascites (6). Diagnosis was basically clinical in 2 patients, while surgery played a role in the management of others: cervical lymph node biopsy (2); peritoneal biopsy obtained through open appendicectomy (2) and exploratory laparotomy for intestinal obstruction (2). Only 1 and 2 patients tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mantoux respectively. Abdominal tuberculosis is a great mimic and the foremost diagnostic tool is the most ideal investigation and patients usually respond to a closely supervised anti-tuberculous therapy. There is a place for therapeutic trial in the patients. Key Words: Tuberculosis, Abdominal, Benin – City, Nigeria. Sahel Medical Journal Vol.7(4) 2004: 126-12

Breast Cancer in Young Nigerian Women

Breast cancer is rare in young women aged 30 and below. Out of a total of 374 patients admitted and managed for breast cancer in a period of 12 years, 14 (3.74%) were aged 30 and below (mean 26.31 years); Their parity ranged between 0 and 4 (mean 1.5) and the duration of symptoms before presentation ranged between 3 weeks and 3 years. 6 cases involved the right breast, 4 the left and 3 were bilateral. All the patients presented with advanced breast cancer (stage 4 disease). Ten had invasive ductal Ca while one each had lobular carcinoma, lymphoma and malignant phyllodes tumour respectively. Management was multimodal: neovadjuvant chemotherapy, tamoxifen, mastectomy and referral for radiotherapy. Two developed features of depressive illness in the course of treatment; 6 died within 6 months of presentation, 1 after 3 months, 1 refused mastectomy discharged herself against in favour of traditional healers. The remaining 6 were lost to follow-up. It is confirmed that as else where, in Nigerians breast cancer in younger women is associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality as well as physical and emotional stress. Keywords: Young women, breast cancer, Nigeria.Nigerian Journal of Surgical Sciences Vol. 17 (2) 2007: pp. 86-9

Management of Enterocutaneous Fistula: A Plea to Make Haste Slowly

Initial management of enterocutaneous fistulae should be non-surgical. We have, however, observed that in many of our referred cases, immediate surgical correction had been attempted before the referral. More often than not, however, this was to no avail inspite of the complicated nature of the problem, many of these cases were successfully managed conservatively. Surgical intervention became inevitable when there was an obvious failure of conservative management. Five cases have been presented in order to illustrate the importance of this line of management. Also discussed are the essential points in the conservative management of enterocutaenous fistulae. Immediate operation should be reserved only for patients with haemorrhage or intra abdominal abscess with uncontrolled sepsis. There should not necessarily be a time frame in relation to when to abandon conservative management. One should be strictly guided by the clinical progress. Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 45 No 4, 2004.(49-51