Calculation of induced magnetic form factor of chromium

Non

HLA-A24:02 increase the risk of allopurinol-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in HLA-B58:01 carriers in a Korean population; a multicenter cross-sectional case-control study

Background HLA-B*58:01 is a well-known risk factor for allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). However, only a minority of HLA-B*58:01 carriers suffer SCARs after taking allopurinol. The aim of this study was to investigate subsidiary genetic markers that could identify those at further increased risk of developing allopurinol-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in subjects with HLA-B*58:01. Methods Subjects with B*58:01 were enrolled (21 allopurinol-induced DRESS and 52 allopurinol-tolerant control). HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 alleles were compared. Comparison of risk between HLAs and allopurinol-induced SCAR in separate populations was performed to support the results. Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the risk of SCAR development. Results Frequencies of A*24:02 (71.4 vs. 17.3%, p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 12.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6-39.2) were significantly higher in B*58:01 (+) DRESS than B*58:01 (+) tolerant controls. In addition, DRB1*13:02 further increased the risk of DRESS. The phenotype frequency of A*24:02/DRB1*13:02 was significantly higher in the B*58:01 (+) DRESS group than in the B*58:01 (+) tolerant controls (52.4% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.001, OR, 66.0; 95% CI, 6.1-716.2). In 2782 allopurinol user cohort, the overall prevalence of DRESS was 0.22%, which increased to 1.62% and 2.86% in the presence of B*58:01 and B*58:01/A*24:02, respectively. Conclusion The additional secondary screening with A*24:02 and DRB1*13:02 alleles may identify those at further increased risk of allopurinol-induced DRESS in B*58:01 carriers.N

In Situ Spectroscopic and Computational Studies on a MnO₂–CuO Catalyst for Use in Volatile Organic Compound Decomposition

In situ near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations were conducted to demonstrate the decomposition mechanism of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) on a MnO₂–CuO catalyst. The catalytic activity of MnO₂–CuO was higher than that of MnO₂ at low temperatures, although the pore properties of MnO₂ were similar to those of MnO₂–CuO. In addition, whereas the chemical state of MnO₂ remained constant following PGMEA dosing at 150 °C, MnO₂–CuO was reduced under identical conditions, as confirmed by in situ NEXAFS spectroscopy. These results indicate that the presence of Cu in the MnO₂–CuO catalyst enables the release of oxygen at lower temperatures. More specifically, the released oxygen originated from the Mn–<u>O</u>–Cu moiety on the top layer of the MnO₂–CuO structure, as confirmed by calculation of the oxygen release energies in various oxygen positions of MnO₂–CuO. Furthermore, the spectral changes in the in situ NEXAFS spectrum of MnO₂–CuO following the catalytic reaction at 150 °C corresponded well with those of the simulated NEXAFS spectrum following oxygen release from Mn–<u>O</u>–Cu. Finally, after the completion of the catalytic reaction, the quantities of lactone and ether functionalities in PGMEA decreased, whereas the formation of CC bonds was observed