6,442 research outputs found
Distribution-Aware Semantics-Oriented Pseudo-label for Imbalanced Semi-Supervised Learning
The capability of the traditional semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods is
far from real-world application since they do not consider (1) class imbalance
and (2) class distribution mismatch between labeled and unlabeled data. This
paper addresses such a relatively under-explored problem, imbalanced
semi-supervised learning, where heavily biased pseudo-labels can harm the model
performance. Interestingly, we find that the semantic pseudo-labels from a
similarity-based classifier in feature space and the traditional pseudo-labels
from the linear classifier show the complementary property. To this end, we
propose a general pseudo-labeling framework to address the bias motivated by
this observation. The key idea is to class-adaptively blend the semantic
pseudo-label to the linear one, depending on the current pseudo-label
distribution. Thereby, the increased semantic pseudo-label component suppresses
the false positives in the majority classes and vice versa. We term the novel
pseudo-labeling framework for imbalanced SSL as Distribution-Aware
Semantics-Oriented (DASO) Pseudo-label. Extensive evaluation on CIFAR10/100-LT
and STL10-LT shows that DASO consistently outperforms both recently proposed
re-balancing methods for label and pseudo-label. Moreover, we demonstrate that
typical SSL algorithms can effectively benefit from unlabeled data with DASO,
especially when (1) class imbalance and (2) class distribution mismatch exist
and even on recent real-world Semi-Aves benchmark.Comment: "Code: https://github.com/ytaek-oh/daso
Image Captioning with Very Scarce Supervised Data: Adversarial Semi-Supervised Learning Approach
Constructing an organized dataset comprised of a large number of images and
several captions for each image is a laborious task, which requires vast human
effort. On the other hand, collecting a large number of images and sentences
separately may be immensely easier. In this paper, we develop a novel
data-efficient semi-supervised framework for training an image captioning
model. We leverage massive unpaired image and caption data by learning to
associate them. To this end, our proposed semi-supervised learning method
assigns pseudo-labels to unpaired samples via Generative Adversarial Networks
to learn the joint distribution of image and caption. To evaluate, we construct
scarcely-paired COCO dataset, a modified version of MS COCO caption dataset.
The empirical results show the effectiveness of our method compared to several
strong baselines, especially when the amount of the paired samples are scarce.Comment: EMNLP 2019. Project page :
https://sites.google.com/view/emnlp19scarcecaptio
Simple Use of the Suppository Type Povidone-Iodine Can Prevent Infectious Complications in Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy
Purpose. To determine the effect of simple use of suppository povidone-iodine on infectious complications after transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate. Methods. All 481 patients are included and received antibiotic prophylaxis. Among them, 360 patients received povidone-iodine suppository (Gynobetadine; 200 mg) immediately prior to biopsy and 121 patients did not. Infectious complications were classified. To evaluate bactericidal effects, we counted bacterial colonies in the rectum, harvested from a rectal swab before insertion of the suppository and after biopsy. Aliquots of the suspended bacterial strains were added to Mueller-Hinton agar medium for incubation. Colony counts were determined. Results. Infectious complications developed in 1 case (0.3%) in the rectal preparation group (Group 1) and in 8 cases (6.6%) in the nonrectal preparation group (Group 2). One in Group 1 had a fever without sepsis. Two patients had sepsis and six had fever without sepsis in Group 2. Rectal preparation was a statistically significant risk factor influencing the development of infectious complications. In vitro experiments, the mean number of colony-forming units decreased 99.9% after the rectal povidone-iodine preparation. Conclusions. All through the biopsy, povidone-iodine melted into the rectum and decreased the bacterial colony count. Simple use of povidone-iodine suppository before prostate biopsy minimizes the risk of infectious complications
A New Hardware Correlator in Korea: Performance Evaluation using KVN observations
We report results of the performance evaluation of a new hardware correlator
in Korea, the Daejeon correlator, developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space
Science Institute (KASI) and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
(NAOJ). We conducted Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at
22~GHz with the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) in Korea and the VLBI Exploration of
Radio Astrometry (VERA) in Japan, and correlated the aquired data with the
Daejeon correlator. For evaluating the performance of the new hardware
correlator, we compared the correlation outputs from the Daejeon correlator for
KVN observations with those from a software correlator, the Distributed FX
(DiFX). We investigated the correlated flux densities and brightness
distributions of extragalactic compact radio sources. The comparison of the two
correlator outputs show that they are consistent with each other within ,
which is comparable with the amplitude calibration uncertainties of KVN
observations at 22~GHz. We also found that the 8\% difference in flux density
is caused mainly by (a) the difference in the way of fringe phase tracking
between the DiFX software correlator and the Daejeon hardware correlator, and
(b) an unusual pattern (a double-layer pattern) of the amplitude correlation
output from the Daejeon correlator. The visibility amplitude loss by the
double-layer pattern is as small as 3\%. We conclude that the new hardware
correlator produces reasonable correlation outputs for continuum observations,
which are consistent with the outputs from the DiFX software correlator.Comment: 13 pagee, 9 figures, 3 tables, to appear in JKAS (received February
9, 2015; accepted March 16, 2015
Intracellular consequences of SOS1 deficiency during salt stress
A mutation of AtSOS1 (Salt Overly Sensitive 1), a plasma membrane Na+/H+-antiporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, leads to a salt-sensitive phenotype accompanied by the death of root cells under salt stress. Intracellular events and changes in gene expression were compared during a non-lethal salt stress between the wild type and a representative SOS1 mutant, atsos1-1, by confocal microscopy using ion-specific fluorophores and by quantitative RT-PCR. In addition to the higher accumulation of sodium ions, atsos1-1 showed inhibition of endocytosis, abnormalities in vacuolar shape and function, and changes in intracellular pH compared to the wild type in root tip cells under stress. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a dramatically faster and higher induction of root-specific Ca2+ transporters, including several CAXs and CNGCs, and the drastic down-regulation of genes involved in pH-homeostasis and membrane potential maintenance. Differential regulation of genes for functions in intracellular protein trafficking in atsos1-1 was also observed. The results suggested roles of the SOS1 protein, in addition to its function as a Na+/H+ antiporter, whose disruption affected membrane traffic and vacuolar functions possibly by controlling pH homeostasis in root cells
- …