Association of Plasmid Bearing Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria with High Mortalities in Nigerian Poultry

Bacteriological investigations were carried out on reported cases of low and high mortalities in commercial poultry in the year 2007-2009 in commercial flocks of breeders, layers, broilers, chicks and growers. Pure bacterial isolates obtained from dead birds, mainly Gram negative,  were tested for their biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility profiles using Microscan® Dried Gram-negative Breakpoint Combo Pannels. The microscan panel analysis bacterial isolates for 24 biochemical tests and up to 25 antimicrobial agents following 16-20 hours of incubation at 35-37oC. Bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Pullorum, Salmonella Gallinarum, Citrobacter youngae, Klebsiella ozaneae, Klebsiella variicola, Enterobacter cloaceae, Hafnia alvei, Pasteurella gallinarum and Pasteurella multocida. The bacterial isolates showed resistance to 6-23 of the 25 antibiotics tested. Tetracycline and ampicilllin were found as the least potent drugs, with 90 and 90.91% resistance respectively. Resistance was obtained against antibacterial agents that are not in use in Nigerian poultry industry, such as the cephalosporins, carbapenems, piperacillin, tircacillin, amikacin, tobramcycin and levofloxacin suggesting possible genetic contribution to resistance. Thirty-four (85%) of the 40 pathogenic bacteria isolates treated for plasmid profile were found to be carrying plasmids. Plasmid DNA size 11.50 kbp was commonly observed (about 65%) among all the plasmid borne mdr bacteria, plasmid DNA size 10kbp (incidence of about 22% in plasmid borne bacteria) as well as a 26.3 kbp plasmid DNA and a 6.6 kbp plasmid DNA. The susceptibility of the plasmid bearing bacteria to antibiotics was enhanced following plasmid curing with sodium deodecyl sulphate.  Antibiotic susceptibility testing should guide treatment in all infections where organism can be cultured in veterinary medicine practice Keywords: Antibiotics, high mortalities, multi-drug resistant bacteria, plasmid, poultry

Society of obstetrics and gynecology of Nigeria – Clinical practice guidelines: Guidelines for the prevention of cervical cancer

Clinical practice guidelines have been developed by professional societies globally. Each guideline although based on published scientific evidence reflected each country’s socioeconomic peculiarities and unique medical environment. The Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Nigerian has published guidelines in other clinical areas; however, this is the first edition of practice guidelines for the prevention of cervical cancer. The Guidelines Committee was established in 2015 and decided to develop the first edition of this guideline following Delphi pool conducted among members which selected cervical cancer prevention as the subject that guideline is urgently needed. These guidelines cover strategies for cervical cancer prevention, screening, and management of test results. The committee developed the draft guideline during a 2‑day workshop with technical input from Cochrane Nigeria and Dr. Chris Maske, Lancet Laboratories, South Africa. The recommendations for each specific area were developed by the consensus, and they are summarized here, along with the details. The objective of these practice guidelines is to establish standard policies on issues in clinical practice related to the prevention of cervical cancer.Keywords: Cervical cancer; guideline; management; prevention; screening; Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nigeria

Bone fragments in the cervix uteri

Bone fragments within the cervix uteri are a rare occurrence, however, they may be occasionally found within the endometrial cavity and body of the uterus.We report the case histories of two single, sexually active women who each presented with a history of repeated termination of pregnancy, dyspareunia, post-coital bleeding and penile bleeding in their partners. Examination revealed a hard sharp object embedded within the cervix uteri at the cervical os. Tissue histology confirmed bone fragments.O & G Forum Vol. 17 (4) 2007: pp. 123-12

Intraoperative Deaths at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna: A 2-Year Experience

Background: The car of patients undergoing surgery should accomplish a good reduction in mortality and morbidity from surgery and anaesthesia. Methods: A retrospective study of cases of intra-operative deaths at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Kaduna, Nigeria in a 2-year period. Result: Two thousand, four hundred and sixty - five (2,465) operations were performed in the main operating theatre of the hospital, shared by departments of departments of surgery, obstetric and gynaecology (OG) and maxillo-facial surgery (MFU). Nine cases of intraoperative deaths were recorded. Most of the deaths occurred among the gravely ill, inadequately prepared patients and patients whose operations were done in the late hours of the night. Conclusion: This tragedy is preventable by paying meticulous attention to details and careful patient selection and care. (Nig J Surg Res 2001;3:19-23) KEY WORDS: Intraoperative death, preventio

Effective Information Dissemination for National Development: The place of the library.

This paper posited that effective information dissemination represents an important ingredient for the survival of Nigeria's democracy, if it must engender national development and security, with the absence of one endangering the other. To this end the paper situated the concept of information, and its effective dissemination within the framework of its general application to everyday existence and particular to democratization, development and security. Kinds and qualities of information as well as the nature of effective information dissemination system were also discussed. It further examined the role of effective information dissemination for democracy, development and security. It concluded by underscoring the place of the library in effective information dissemination for engendering democracy, National Development and security, to better improve the present precarious situations in Nigeri

Author Correction: Dimensional stability and mechanical properties of extruded-compression biopolymer composites made from selected Nigerian grown wood species at varying proportions

250 µm particle size of wood and polyethylene (PE) materials were compounded at mixing proportions of 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20 (with an increase in polymer to decrease in wood content) and extruded using a single screw extruder at a temperature range of 110–135 °C. The particles of Gmelina Arborea, Tectona grandis, Cordia milleni, and Nauclea diderichii with recycled Polyethylene were compounded and compressed at 175 N/mm to produce biopolymer composites. The biopolymer composites were subjected to dimensional stability test at 24 h of the water soak method and the ability to withstand load-bearing capacity was investigated. The outcome of the results shows that extruded-compressive biopolymer composites had values ranging from 0.06–1.43 g/cm(3), 0.38–3.41%, and 0.82–6.85% for observed density, water absorption, and thickness swelling at 24 h of a water soak test. The mechanical properties values ranged from 0.28 Nmm(−2)–21.35 Nmm(−2) and 0.44–550.06 Nmm(−2) for flexural modulus and strength; and 191.43 Nmm(−2)–1857.24 Nmm(−2) and 0.35 Nmm(−2)–243.75 Nmm(−2) for tensile modulus and strength respectively. It was observed that moisture uptake and strength displayed by the composites vary accordingly in values obtained for wood species at different mixing proportions. As observed that the more polyethylene content is compounded to wood, the better its dimensional stability, and flexural and tensile properties. The wood particles of Cordia milleni compounded at a proportion of 60 to 40 (polyethylene/wood) performed best in dimensional stability and load-bearing capacity. This study confirmed the effect of methods on wood species and recycled PE for manufacturing wood polymer-based composite for both indoor and outdoor applications

Assessment of the Use of Koha Library Software in four Selected University Libraries in Nigeria

The paper’s originality lies in its position that the library management should not compromise the perception and satisfaction of the library professional about KOHA software but should make intensive improvement on the installation of KOHA software and also intensify efforts to educate staff and users of the library on effective use of library software. Workshops and seminars attendance be made mandatory for the librarians and technical staff of the Library on the appropriate selection of library software in order to improve the ease of use and user friendliness of KOHA software