Biodegradation of gasoline polluted soil using goat dung

Petroleum product leakages from underground storage tanks, distribution facilities and various industrial operations represent an important source of soil and aquifer contamination. This study was carried out to determine the effects of Goat Dung (GD) on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation and microbiological composition. Top soil (0-15 cm depth) was collected from Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Satellite Depot, Ejigbo, Lagos State. One kilogram of the gasoline polluted soil was measured into nine containers. The GD was mixed with the soil at the rate of 0, 50 and 100 g kg-1 soil in triplicate and the containers were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. Soil samples were taken from each container at 21 and 42 days for Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) and PAH determination using standard methods. Collected data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The HUB species identified were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. The PAH (mg kg-1) of the soil before GD application was 192.65. After the amendments at 0, 50 and 100 g kg-1, this value reduced to 167.32±2.45, 107.11 ±1.88 and 75.10±3.65, respectively at 21 days and 134.26±1.59, 74.16 ±2.27 and 46.14.14±1.93, respectively at 42 days. Biodegradation efficiency of 76 % was recorded after 42 days in soil amended with 100 g kg-1 of GD. Application of 100 g kg-1 of GD was more effective in the remediation of PAH contaminated soil. Results demonstrated that GD could be used to enhance activities of the microbial hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria during bioremediation of gasoline polluted soil.Keywords: Biodegradation, Gasoline, Goat dung, Hydrocarbon, Pollutio

Utilization of poultry waste as feed and supplementary feed for fish growth

This research work was carried out to evaluate poultry waste as a potential feed for fish growth. The poultry droppings were collected for analysis. The parameter determined to ascertain the potential of this poultry waste were proximate analysis (Moisture, dry matter, ash, crude protein, fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents) and mineral nutrient composition (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese). The proximate analysis determined estimated moisture content to be 9.62±0.02%, dry matter 90.38±0.03%, ash content: 28.83±0.29%, crude protein: 21.34±0.16%, fat content: 2.61±0.13%, crude fibre:16.09±0.04, and carbohydrate: 21.53±0.03. The minerals nutrient composition for metals analysed is as follows; calcium: 2349.9±56.57mg/kg, potassium: 6239±572.76mg/kg. Magnesium: 1075.0±141.42mg/kg, sodium: 292.3±10.61mg/kg, copper: 104.8±7.07mg/kg, zinc: 395.0±7.07mg/kg, iron: 519.7±7.07mg/kg and manganese: 257.5±10.61mg/kg. However, based on the result for proximate analysis of the poultry waste analysed and mineral nutrients estimated compared with the mineral nutrient requirement of fish the results were not adequate for direct use as feed for fish. Thus the poultry droppings could only serve as feed or supplement for the conventional fish feeds use for fish to give excellent growth rate.Keywords: Poultry Waste, Feed, Fish, Proximate, Minerals, Parameters, poultry dropping