The Effect of Cd4 Count Level on the Middle Ear Dynamics of Hiv Infected Patients

Background: HIV infection, a multi systemic disease has been identified as one of the causes of hearing loss in man. Objectives: To compare the effect of HIV infection on the middle ear dynamics of HIV infected and non-HIV infected individuals using tympanometry. Design: A prospective cross sectional study Setting: HIV Clinic at University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) in 2010. Subjects: Tympanometry was done on adults (18-45year old) patients with confirmed retroviral disease (RVD) infection and confirmed non-HIV infected adults (18-45year old) as the control group. All the patients certified the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Main Outcome Measures: More women were found with HIV infection than men at a ratio of 1:3.7(men = 21% and females = 79%). There was preponderance of type “B” tympanogram among HIV-infected individuals. Result: There was a significant correlation between CD4 cell count and type “B” tympanogram (P=0.03). The CD4 cell count measured severity of HIV infection while the type “B” tympanogram detected middle ear effusion. Conclusions: Middle ear effusion is the genesis of middle ear pathology in HIV infected population

Orbital Blow-Out Fracture In Benin City, Nigeria: An 11-Year Review

The incidence of orbital blow-out fracture as seen in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Benin City is on the increase. This is due to the increasing rate of violence and road traffic accidents in our society. Whereas early recognition and management is associated with good outcome, delayed diagnosis and poor management invariably leads to poor prognosis. The aim of this article is to review the cases of orbital blow-out fractures seen/managed in UBTH, Benin City and to analyze the treatment of the cases and out-come of surgery. A total of eight patients who had orbital blow-out fracture over an eleven year period (1985-1989, 1997-2004), were retrospectively evaluated for age and sex distribution, clinical features at presentation, investigation, surgical procedure employed and outcome of surgery. There were equal number of males and females. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the patients had left eye involvement, with trauma from physical assault as the main mechanism of injury, while diplopia, enophathalmos and limitation of vertical eye movement were common clinical presentation. Surgical intervention carried out in all cases had satisfactory outcome. Early patient presentation, a high index of suspicion for diagnosis and good pre-operative assessment are needed for good surgical outcome. Keywords: Orbital Blow-Out Fracture, Diplopia, Enophthalmos, Blunt Eye Trauma, Sub-Labial Antrostomy Annals of Biomedical Science Vol. 4 (1) 2005: pp. 1-

Chloramphenicol Induced Hearing Loss

Background: With the widespread use of the drug Chloramphenicol in treatment of typhoid fever, a number of cases of deafness are coming to light following such treatment. However the pattern and level of the resulting hearing impairment has not received much attention in the literature. Method: A prospective study of ototoxicity over a 3- year period by means of questionnaire, clinical and otological examination and audiological tests to identify cases of significant hearing loss attributable to Chloramphenicol administration. Result: Out of a total of 49 cases of drug ototoxicity seen during a 3- year period, 21 cases (43%) were due to Chloramphenicol and the deafness was most commonly associated with parenteral administration, though actual doses could not be ascertained from the histories. Hearing impairment was bilateral and severe to profound at onset in most cases (66%), with no improvement noticed even after cessation of drug use. Follow-up tests where possible, carried out 6 to 12 months later showed no improvement in thresholds. Conclusion: Hearing impairment as a complication of Chloramphenicol usage is severe in most cases and associated with poor prognosis both in respect of chances of spontaneous recovery as well as the degree of concommitant hearing handicap. The need to prevent this grave iatrogenic tragedy by limiting the use of this drug is stressed. (Nig J Surg Res 2001; 3: 75 – 80) KEY WORDS: Hearing Loss, Chloramphenicol, Typhoid Fever, Handica

Rudimentary accessory nose in a female neonate - a case report

A four (4) week old female neonate presented with a rare abnormality to be confirmed an accessory nose in the E. N. T. Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City following a complete physical examination. A CT scan of the cranium, helped to reveal communication between the accessory nose and the true nose. The abnormality was thereafter successfully managed surgically.The importance of good diagnostic workup is stressed in such congenital abnormalities to reveal any syndromic presentation and /or definitive diagnosis for proper management. Keywords: Rudimentary accessory nose, congenital abnormality, female neonate, plastic reconstructive surgery. Annals of Biomedical Science Vol. 3 (1&2) 2004: pp. 71-7

Encephalocoele Presenting As Naso-Frontal Swelling – Report Of Two Cases

This article is aimed at reporting the mode of presentation of two cases of encephalocoele and the need for a high index of suspicion in diagnosis. These cases of naso-frontal encephalocoele in Nigerian infants, presented as swelling on the dorsum of the nose. CT scan revealed associated congenital abnormalities as well as establishing the correct diagnosis. Although encephalocoele has been known to present as naso-frontal swelling, a high index of suspicion and good diagnostic work up are necessary to establish the diagnosis and to plan definitive surgery. Keywords: Encephalocoele, Naso-frontal, diagnosis, Treatment in Nigerian infants. Annals of Biomedical Science Vol. 4 (1) 2005: pp. 44-4

Laryngeal and miliary tuberculosis a rare combination

Background: Both laryngeal tuberculosis and miliary tuberculosis are rare disease in adults. The combination of laryngeal and miliary tuberculosis is equally rare. Aim: This case is reported so as to raise awareness of this rare clinical combination of laryngeal tuberculosis and miliary tuberculosis in our tuberculous patients and also to highlight the management. Case Report: A 40-year old long distance driver presented with hoarseness and stridor. Histopathological study of the laryngeal tissue obtained at biopsy showed evidence of laryngeal tuberculosis. Management include antituberculosis chemotherapy and surgical intervention. The chest radiograph revealed miliary shadows (seed-like lesions) in both lung fields. Conclusion: Laryngeal tuberculosis requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. The management involves a multidisciplinary approach involving the physician, surgeon and the histopathologist. Keywords: Laryngeal tuberculosis, Miliary tuberculosisPHMJ Vol. 2 (2) 2008: pp. 171-17