Rapport d'activités de l'assistant technique en recherche-développement pour le premier trimestre 1998. Composante recherche développement - ONDR-ADER.

Les activités marquantes de ce trimestre ont été la poursuite du diagnostic régional avec la caractérisation de trois nouvelles zones, la poursuite de la collaboration avec le CNAR sur le Système d'Information Géographique (ou SIG), la participation et la préparation d'exposés pour deux ateliers de travail, l'un organisé par le PRASAC sur le diagnostic global à l'échelle régionale et l'autre organisé par l'O.N.G ACRA sur les approches à développer pour l'appui au monde rural. (Résumé d'auteur

Le développement des Ouadis du Kanem. Projet de développement agricole des Ouadis du Kanem PDAOK . Formation du 09 au 18 décembre 1997

Cette mission d'appui auprès du PDAOK (Projet de Développement Agricole des Ouadis du Kanem) avait pour objet la formation des équipes de l'opérateur principal aux méthodes de Recherche/Développeme nt. Le rapport présente les supports de cours utilisés durant cette formatio

CHIC: Corporate Document for Visual question Answering

The massive use of digital documents due to the substantial trend of paperless initiatives confronted some companies to find ways to process thousands of documents per day automatically. To achieve this, they use automatic information retrieval (IR) allowing them to extract useful information from large datasets quickly. In order to have effective IR methods, it is first necessary to have an adequate dataset. Although companies have enough data to take into account their needs, there is also a need for a public database to compare contributions between state-of-the-art methods. Public data on the document exists as DocVQA[2] and XFUND [10], but these do not fully satisfy the needs of companies. XFUND contains only form documents while the company uses several types of documents (i.e. structured documents like forms but also semi-structured as invoices, and unstructured as emails). Compared to XFUND, DocVQA has several types of documents but only 4.5% of them are corporate documents (i.e. invoice, purchase order, etc). All of this 4.5% of documents do not meet the diversity of documents required by the company. We propose CHIC a visual question-answering public dataset. This dataset contains different types of corporate documents and the information extracted from these documents meet the right expectations of companies

Commercial Fertilizers in 1946-47.

41 p

Commercial Fertilizers in 1945-46.

31 p

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field