Socio-Economic Characteristics of Infants and Nursing Mothers: Implication for Breastfeeding Refusal Attitudes and Reasons for Re- Breastfeeding in Nsukka urban, Nigeria

The study examined socio-economic characteristics of nursing mothers and infants as they related to breastfeeding refusal attitudes and reasons for re-breasting in Nsukka urban of Enugu state. Random sampling technique was used to select 200 out of a population of 2,265 nursing mothers whose infants had refused breastfeeding. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results showed that all the infants who were mostly females had refused breastfeeding at or before twelve months of age before being re-breast fed. The nursing mothers (61%) were between 25-29 years, 75% had secondary and up to tertiary levels of education. Their average household size was 4 persons and 89% of them were living below the global poverty line of two dollars a day. Being restless and crying once breast was in their mouths were among the infants’ breastfeeding refusal attitudes. Approaches adopted by nursing mothers in re-breastfeeding their infants were dealing with immediate and remote causes that included improper holding of breasts and nasal congestion with significant influence of nursing mothers’ educational qualifications. Nursing mothers’ reasons for re-breastfeeding were for proper emotional, physical and cognitive development of their infants which were not significantly influenced by infants’ gender. Inclusion of skills in proper holding of breasts while breastfeeding during antenatal clinics and further research were recommended

Influence of Peer Relationship on Self-Consciousness and Social Adaptation of School-Aged Children

This study aimed to assess the influence of peer relationships on the self-consciousness and social adaptation of school-aged children in the Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used, with a population of 60,780 (29,968 males and 30,812 females). A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 602 school-aged children from 58 schools in the Local Government Area, forming the sample for the study. For data collection, the study used questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that more than half of the respondents (62.6%) showed moderate social adaptation, particularly when they were with their families (mean score of 4.53±2.31). The majority (76.6%) had low peer relationships, while 80.6% had high self-consciousness. The mean scores for peer relationships, self-consciousness, and social adaptation differed between male and female respondents. Females had higher peer relationships and social adaptation. The mean score for peer relationships was higher among students in private schools compared to those in public schools. A moderate positive relationship was found between peer relationships and social adaptation at a significance level of p\u3c0.05. It is recommended that governmental and non-governmental organizations organize programs to facilitate peer relationships and social adaptation among school-aged children. Furthermore, teachers and parents should be educated to provide support to children in these areas

Influence of Peer Relationship on Self-Consciousness and Social Adaptation of School-Aged Children

This study aimed to assess the influence of peer relationships on the self-consciousness and social adaptation of school-aged children in the Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used, with a population of 60,780 (29,968 males and 30,812 females). A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 602 school-aged children from 58 schools in the Local Government Area, forming the sample for the study. For data collection, the study used questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that more than half of the respondents (62.6%) showed moderate social adaptation, particularly when they were with their families (mean score of 4.53±2.31). The majority (76.6%) had low peer relationships, while 80.6% had high self-consciousness. The mean scores for peer relationships, self-consciousness, and social adaptation differed between male and female respondents. Females had higher peer relationships and social adaptation. The mean score for peer relationships was higher among students in private schools compared to those in public schools. A moderate positive relationship was found between peer relationships and social adaptation at a significance level of p<0.05. It is recommended that governmental and non-governmental organizations organize programs to facilitate peer relationships and social adaptation among school-aged children. Furthermore, teachers and parents should be educated to provide support to children in these areas