Shared Renewable Resource and International Trade: Technical Measures for Resource Management

We examine trade and strategic interaction between countries that enforce technical measures for resource management which restricts capacity of exploitation to protect an internationally shared renewable resource. The technical measures are common management tools in fisheries (e.g., restrictions on gears, vessels, areas and time). We show that under bilateral resource management, the resource exporting country gains from trade, whereas trade causes steady state utility to fall in the resource importing country because the resource exporting country implements non-cooperative management when the demand for the harvest is not so high. Under sufficiently high demand for the harvest, maximum sustainable yield (MSY) can be attained after trade by what we call cooperative management and both countries are better off. Under low demand for the harvest, trade benefits the resource importing country but may harm the resource exporting country although it implements strict resource management which leads to MSY.

Who gains from capital market integration: Tax competition between unionized and non-unionized countries

The welfare effects of capital market integration are examined under a model of tax competition with two asymmetric countries. The asymmetry is expressed through the labor market: one country has a perfect labor market whereas the other country is unionized. Our results show that the welfare effects of capital market integration are different depending on whether governments play an active role in attracting capital: in the absence of active governments, the capital market integration benefits the country with a competitive labor market and harms the unionized country. If the governments are active and compete for mobile capital using tax/subsidy, the market integration benefits both countries. The governmentfs incentive to participate in a tax/subsidy game is also examined in the integrated capital market. We find that the unionized country always prefers to participate in the tax/subsidy game, but the non-unionized country avoids the game if it is a capital importer.Capital Market Integration, Capital Mobility, Tax Competition, Trade Unions, Welfare.

Development of Diachronic Terminology from Japanese Statutory Corpora

This paper reports our ongoing research on the development of diachronic legal terminology, which deals with temporal changes in legal terms. We started by compiling statutory corpora for them. Focusing on articles that define legal terms, we defined a set of regular expression rules. Our experimental result showed that we successfully extracted legal terms, their explanations, and their relations. Our terminology consists of 26,661 terms and 35,201 relations, in which the precision of the relations was 88.0\% with 100 samples chosen at random. Graphical output will enrich our understanding of the dynamics of legal terms

AnkyrinG is required for maintenance of the axon initial segment and neuronal polarity

The axon initial segment (AIS) functions as both a physiological and physical bridge between somatodendritic and axonal domains. Given its unique molecular composition, location, and physiology, the AIS is thought to maintain neuronal polarity. To identify the molecular basis of this AIS property, we used adenovirus-mediated RNA interference to silence AIS protein expression in polarized neurons. Some AIS proteins are remarkably stable with half-lives of at least 2 wk. However, silencing the expression of the cytoskeletal scaffold ankyrinG (ankG) dismantles the AIS and causes axons to acquire the molecular characteristics of dendrites. Both cytoplasmic- and membrane-associated proteins, which are normally restricted to somatodendritic domains, redistribute into the former axon. Furthermore, spines and postsynaptic densities of excitatory synapses assemble on former axons. Our results demonstrate that the loss of ankG causes axons to acquire the molecular characteristics of dendrites; thus, ankG is required for the maintenance of neuronal polarity and molecular organization of the AIS

Improvement of Translation Accuracy for the Outlines of Japanese Statutes by Splitting Parenthesized Expressions

To globally share Japanese legal information, we translate the Outlines of Japanese statutes. These outlines are the official summaries of Japanese statutes and are useful to quickly understand their contents. In a previous statistical machine translation system for the outlines, we found that the training corpus consisted of both statutes and their outlines, including many long sentences that reduced the translation quality. To solve this problem, we shortened the length of sentences and focused on parenthesized expressions. In this paper, we propose a translation method that splits off parenthesized expressions from the sentences. Experimental result shows the effectiveness of our method

Automated synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals for PET: an apparatus for [1-11C]labelled aldoses

This paper describes an instrumentation system for positron emission tomography (PET). A variety of [1-11C]labelled aldoses, such as [1-11C]-D-glucose, and galactose by a modification of the Kiliani-Fischer method have been produced. The instrumentation is fully automatic and consists of a synthesis system and control system. The synthesis system has the following functions: supplying reagents; performing reactions; purifying 11C labelled aldose; and preparing an injectable solution of 11C labelled aldose. These operations are performed by the control system in a remote control room. In a preliminary, hot experiment an injectable solution of [1-11C]-D-glucose was obtained. In addition, the operator is exposed to minimal radiation. The radioactivity of [1-11C]-Dglucose was 47 MBq, and the preparation time was 49 min

Performance improvement of recycled aggregate concrete using fly ash and Portland blast-furnace slag cement

Several countermeasures are implemented in the manufacture of construction materials to avoid negative impacts on the environment. Using concrete debris in construction demolition waste as a recycled aggregate to make recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is one of the countermeasures. Further, the use of recycled construction waste and industrial by-products, such as fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, in concrete not only promotes resource circulation and reduces CO2 emissions in the cement manufacturing process but also improves concrete performance. In this study, low-quality recycled aggregate was mixed with normal aggregate at various replacement ratios to produce RAC. Additionally, ground granulated blast-furnace slag in Portland blast-furnace slag cement and fly ash were introduced in concrete to improve concrete performance. Applying the relative quality index method for performance evaluation, it was possible to design a mix proportion of RAC that achieved the requisite performance through the application of Portland blast-furnace slagcement and fly ashas a cement substitute or as a fine aggregate substitute