Phylogenetic analyses of Japanese golden chanterelles and a new species description, Cantharellus anzutake sp nov.

ArticleMycoscience. 59(2): 153-165. (2018)journal articl

Synthesis of Polycyclic Spirocarbocycles via Acid-Promoted Ring-Contraction/Dearomative Ring-Closure Cascade of Oxapropellanes

We report herein the development of an acid-promoted rearrangement of oxa[4.3.2]propellanes to afford polyaromatic-fused spiro[4.5]carbocycles. DFT calculations suggest that the reaction pathway involves generation of a cyclobutyl cation, ring contraction to the cyclopropylcarbinyl cation, and dearomative ring closure by an internal 2-naphthol moiety. The resulting spirocarbocycles are synthetically valuable, as they could be transformed into two different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via skeletal rearrangement. Syntheses of optically pure spirocarbocycles via a central-to-axial-to-central chirality transfer are also described

マクロファージはクロストーク機構により子宮内膜細胞を酸化ストレスから保護する

This aim of this study was to investigate whether macrophages protect endometriotic cells from oxidative injury and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of any protection. Endometriotic cells cultured with or without differentiated macrophages (dTHP-1 cells) were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or methemoglobin, a major component of hemoglobin species in endometriotic cyst fluid. Co-culture experiments, microarray analysis, screening and validation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), cell proliferation and viability assays, and experiments using a specific inhibitor were conducted to investigate the functional cross-talk between endometriotic cells and macrophages. Microarray analysis revealed that endometriotic cells co-cultured with dTHP-1 differentially express several genes compared with monoculture. Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting analysis identified TGF-β1 as a promising candidate gene expressed in endometriotic cells co-cultured with dTHP-1 cells. TGF-β1 stimulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in dTHP-1 cells. HO-1 expression was increased in dTHP-1 cells co-cultured with endometriotic cells compared with the dTHP-1 monoculture. Both H2O2 and methemoglobin upregulated the expression of the HO-1 protein in the dTHP-1 monoculture; moreover, co-culture with endometriotic cells further enhanced HO-1 production. The co-culture with dTHP-1 protected endometriotic cells against oxidative injury. Blockade of HO-1 abolished the protective effects of macrophages. In an oxidative stress environment, TGF-β1 produced by endometriotic cells may protect against oxidative injury through the upregulation of macrophage-derived HO-1. The cross-talk between endometriotic cells and macrophages may contribute to the progression and pathogenesis of endometriosis.博士（医学）・甲第849号・令和4年9月28日Copyright © 2022, Society for Reproductive Investigation.© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG.The version of record of this article, first published in Reproductive Sciences, is available online at Publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-022-00890-6.発行元が定める登録猶予期間終了の後、本文を登録予定（2023.08

Wedge holography in flat space and celestial holography

In this paper, we study codimension two holography in flat spacetimes, based on the idea of the wedge holography. We propose that a region in a d+1 dimensional flat spacetime surrounded by two end of the world branes, which are given by d dimensional hyperbolic spaces, is dual to a conformal field theory (CFT) on a d-1 dimensional sphere. Similarly, we also propose that a d+1 dimensional region in the flat spacetime bounded by two d dimensional de Sitter spaces is holographically dual to a CFT on a d-1 dimensional sphere. Our calculations of the partition function, holographic entanglement entropy and two point functions, support these duality relations and imply that such CFTs are nonunitary. Finally, we glue these two dualities along null surfaces to realize a codimension two holography for a full Minkowski spacetime and discuss a possible connection to the celestial holography

Polar Antiferromagnets Produced with Orbital-Order

Polar magnetic states are realized in pseudocubic manganite thin films fabricated on high-index substrates, in which a Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion remains an active variable. Several types of orbital-orders were found to develop large optical second harmonic generation, signaling broken-inversion-symmetry distinct from their bulk forms and films on (100) substrates. The observed symmetry-lifting and first-principles calculation both indicate that the modified JT q2 mode drives Mn-site off-centering upon orbital order, leading to the possible cooperation of "Mn-site polarization" and magnetism.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Nonreciprocal second harmonic generation in a magnetoelectric material

Nonreciprocal devices that allow the light propagation in only one direction are indispensable in photonic circuits and emerging quantum technologies. Contemporary optical isolators and circulators, however, require large size or strong magnetic fields because of the general weakness of magnetic light-matter interactions, which hinders their integration into photonic circuits. Aiming at stronger magneto-optical couplings, a promising approach is to utilize nonlinear optical processes. Here, we demonstrate nonreciprocal magnetoelectric second harmonic generation (SHG) in CuB2O4. SHG transmission changes by almost 100% in a magnetic-field reversal of just 10 mT. The observed nonreciprocity results from an interference between the magnetic-dipole- and electric-dipole-type SHG. Even though the former is usually notoriously smaller than the latter, it is found that a resonantly enhanced magnetic-dipole-transition has a comparable amplitude as non-resonant electric-dipole-transition, leading to the near-perfect nonreciprocity. This mechanism could form one of the fundamental bases of nonreciprocity in multiferroics, which is transferable to a plethora of magnetoelectric systems to realize future nonreciprocal and nonlinear-optical devices.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure

Helical Nanographenes Embedded with Contiguous Azulene Units

うねり構造をもつグラフェンナノリボンの精密合成に成功 --非ベンゼノイド構造の新規構築反応を開発--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-07-20.The azulene moiety, composed of contiguous pentagonal and heptagonal rings, is a structural defect that alters the electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of graphenes and graphene nanoribbons. However, nanographenes embedded with an azulene cluster have not been widely investigated because these compounds are difficult to synthesize in their pure form. Herein, azulene-embedded nanographenes bearing a unique cove-type edge were synthesized by a novel synthetic protocol. Experimental and theoretical investigations revealed that this cove edge imparts stable helical chirality, unlike normal cove edges. The in-solution self-association behavior and the structural, electronic, and electrochemical properties were also described in detail