ORGANIC/INORGANIC LEAF AMARANTH PRODUCTION: THE CASE OF POULTRY MANURE, FISH EFFLUENT AND NPK FERTILISER

The work evaluated the responses of two Amaranthus species to poultry manure, fish effluent, NPK fertiliser and control in randomised complete block design. A. hybridus was taller, thicker and had more leaves per plant than A. viridis. For each Amaranthus variety, poultry manure produced highest number of leaves and tallest plants with thickest stem followed by fish effluent and NPK fertiliser. A. hybridus had higher leaf and marketable yields/ha than A. viridis. Leaf and marketable yields/ha were highest with poultry manure followed by fish effluent and NPK fertiliser. Leaf yield/ha increased by 105, 34 and 34% for poultry manure, fish effluent and NPK fertiliser, respectively compared with the control in A. hybridus and by 284, 132 and 146% in A. viridis. Similarly, marketable yield/ha increased by 116, 45 and 45% for poultry manure, fish effluent and NPK, respectively in A. hybridus and by 176, 16 and 43% in A. viridis over the control

Analysis of Credit demand by Smallholder Farmers in Bende Local Government Area of Abia State

The study analyzed the credit demand by small holder farmers and was carried out in Bende L.G.A of Abia State , South Eastern Nigeria . A multi stage sampling procedure was used for the study in the selection of 90 smallholder farmers. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical tools, multiple regression and Probit models were employed in the data analysis. The result shows that the mean age of the respondents was 43.5 years 62.16% were female and majority (54.39%) were married. Meanwhile, 48.84% had no formal education with mean household size of 6.3 and did not belong to any social group. The result on volume of credit demanded showed that majority applied for loan within ₦51,000 100,000. Regression results of factors affecting volume of credit demanded showed that the coefficient for age, educational level, household size, farming experience, interest rate, loan transaction cost and annual income were all significant at 1%, 5%, 1%, 1%, 5%, 1%, and 5% respectively. The Probit regression result shows that increasing household size (1%), profit gain from loan (1%), and having multiple income sources (1%) all affect the farmer’s capacity to repay borrowed funds. Some of the problems encountered by small holder farmers in accessing credit from formal and informal sources include, high interest rate, short repayment time, spending a lot of time before getting the credit, inadequate collateral, lack of banks in the rural areas and complex bank procedure. The study therefore recommends that the farmers should be enlightened about the existence of formal agricultural credits and ways to access them. Measures should be put in place to monitor, check and reduce the misappropriation of agricultural credit by beneficiaries. Lastly, the problem of delay in disbursement of loans/credit to farmers should be properly addressed