Characterizing hospital workers' willingness to report to duty in an influenza pandemic through threat- and efficacy-based assessment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hospital-based providers' willingness to report to work during an influenza pandemic is a critical yet under-studied phenomenon. Witte's Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) has been shown to be useful for understanding adaptive behavior of public health workers to an unknown risk, and thus offers a framework for examining scenario-specific willingness to respond among hospital staff.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We administered an anonymous online EPPM-based survey about attitudes/beliefs toward emergency response, to all 18,612 employees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital from January to March 2009. Surveys were completed by 3426 employees (18.4%), approximately one third of whom were health professionals.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Demographic and professional distribution of respondents was similar to all hospital staff. Overall, more than one-in-four (28%) hospital workers indicated they were not willing to respond to an influenza pandemic scenario if asked but not required to do so. Only an additional 10% were willing if required. One-third (32%) of participants reported they would be unwilling to respond in the event of a more severe pandemic influenza scenario. These response rates were consistent across different departments, and were one-third lower among nurses as compared with physicians. Respondents who were hesitant to agree to work additional hours when required were 17 times less likely to respond during a pandemic if asked. Sixty percent of the workers perceived their peers as likely to report to work in such an emergency, and were ten times more likely than others to do so themselves. Hospital employees with a perception of high efficacy had 5.8 times higher declared rates of willingness to respond to an influenza pandemic.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Significant gaps exist in hospital workers' willingness to respond, and the EPPM is a useful framework to assess these gaps. Several attitudinal indicators can help to identify hospital employees unlikely to respond. The findings point to certain hospital-based communication and training strategies to boost employees' response willingness, including promoting pre-event plans for home-based dependents; ensuring adequate supplies of personal protective equipment, vaccines and antiviral drugs for all hospital employees; and establishing a subjective norm of awareness and preparedness.</p

Intelligence community legal reference book /

From the Book's Introduction: Expanded and updated of Intelligence Community Legal Reference book. The Intelligence Community draws much of its authority and guidance from the body of law contained in this collection. Proves to be a useful resource to professionals across the federal government.Shipping list no.: 2009-0431-P."Summer 2009."Constitution of the United States of America -- National security act of 1947 -- Intelligence reform and terrorism prevention act of 2004 -- Central intelligence agency act of 1949 -- National security agency act of 1959 -- Department of defense title 10 authorities -- National imagery and mapping agency act of 1996 -- Homeland security act of 2002 -- Counterintelligence and security enhancements act of 1994 -- Counterintelligence enhancement act of 2002 -- Classified information procedures act -- Foreign intelligence surveillance act of 1978 -- Protect America act of 2007 -- USA patriot act of 2001 -- USA patriot improvement and reauthorization act of 2005 -- Detainee treatment act of 2005 -- Military commissions act of 2006 -- Freedom of information act -- Privacy act -- Federal information security management act -- Inspector general act of 1978 -- War crimes act of 1996 -- Interception of wire, electronic and oral communications -- Implementing recommendations of the 9/11 commission act of 2007 -- Executive order 12139 -- Executive order 12333 -- Executive order 12949 -- Executive order 12951 -- Executive order 12958 -- Executive order 12968 -- Executive order 13354 -- Executive order 13355 -- Executive order 13388 -- Executive order 13462 -- Executive order 13467 -- Executive order 13491 -- Executive order 13492 -- Executive order 13493 -- Intelligence sharing procedures for foreign intelligence and foreign counterintelligence investigations conducted by the FBI -- Guidelines for disclosure of Grand jury and electronic, wire, and oral interception information identifying United States persons -- Guidelines regarding disclosure to the director of Central Intelligence and Homeland security officials of foreign intelligence acquired in the course of a criminal investigation -- Guidelines regarding prompt handling of reports of possible criminal activity involving foreign intelligence sources -- Attorney General's guidelines for domestic FBI operations -- Strengthening information sharing, access, and integration B organizational, management, and policy development structures for creating the terrorism information sharing environment -- Guidelines and requirements in support of the information sharing environment -- Guidelines to ensure that the information privacy and other legal rights of Americans are protected in the development and use of the information sharing environment -- Criteria on thresholds for reporting intelligence oversight matters -- MOU: reporting of information concerning federal crimes -- Intelligence community and government websites.From the Book's Introduction: Expanded and updated of Intelligence Community Legal Reference book. The Intelligence Community draws much of its authority and guidance from the body of law contained in this collection. Proves to be a useful resource to professionals across the federal government.Mode of access: Internet

Report on the President's Surveillance Program

Declassified report released in response to a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit by The New York Times about the Stellarwind program, the group of N.S.A. warrantless wiretapping and bulk phone and e-mail records collection activities initiated by President George W. Bush after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. In 2009, the government released a 43-page unclassified version which omitted discussion of many key facts that then remained secret. After the 2013 leaks by the former intelligence contractor Edward J. Snowden, which included a draft version of the N.S.A. inspector general¿s contribution to this larger joint I.G. report, the government declassified many facts about surveillance, leading to The Times¿ lawsuit seeking release of the full and final report