A Comparison of Osteoblast Cell Proliferation and Osteocalcin Expression in Cuttlefish Bone and Bovine Bone Xenograft

Background: Cuttlefish bone Xenograft, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterial graft, offers an alternative and has been accepted for osteoconductive and probable osteo-inductive attributes. This study aims to compare the bone healing potential between the bovine-derived (BHA) and cuttlefish bone-derived (CHA).Materials and Methods: The study compared osteoblast cell proliferation of 27 New Zealand rabbits in 2.5 mm bone defect made in the femoral bone. The samples were divided into three groups, which were control, BHA and CHA group. The chemical and physical characteristics of BHA and CHA were determined for the content of hydroxyapatite by FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), then tested by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the porosity. In the end of the second week, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry examinations were performed to evaluate the amount of osteoblast and osteocalcin expression.Results: The FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis showed both BHA and CHA samples were hydroxyapatite according to Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). The CHA was significantly higher (297.22±19.772) compared to BHA (258.22±30.926) and control (131.67±34.213). Osteocalcin expression in CHA (7.82±2.230) compared to BHA (6.09±3.724) and control (4.07±3.606), was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: CHA group has the highest osteoblast cell proliferation and osteocalcin expression, meaning has a good potential as future source of bone graft.Keywords: cuttlefish bone, bovine, bone graft, osteoblast cel

Glomus tumor-induced lower extremity pain: A case report

tINTRODUCTION: Glomus tumor located in the lower limb could be easily mistaken as lower extremitypain whether it is radiating, sciatic, or just a localized one. This could lead to misdiagnosis and impropermanagement.PRESENTATION OF CASE: This case reported a 56-year-old man complaining of pain in his left thigh. Thepain was characterized as sharp and sometimes radiated to the skin of the calf muscles region. There wasno history of trauma. Physical examination of the left thigh region revealed a small and barely palpabledeep subcutaneous mass. Ultrasound examination showed a 6 × 5.3 mm partly cystic subcutaneous massin the posteromedial region of the left distal femur. Doppler USG showed that the blood flow in the cysticlesion originated from the medial genicular artery. Surgical tumor excision through the medial femoralapproach exposed a 15 × 10 × 5 mm yellowish-white thin encapsulated subdermal tumor attached tothe vascular wall. Histopathology examination resulted in a Glomus Tumor.DISCUSSION: Glomus tumor usually occurs in areas that are rich in glomus bodies. Thigh is not a specificlocation for glomus bodies. It presented as bluish small nodule that are sensitive to touch and temperaturechanges. Glomus tumors in the thigh region rarely recurs since they are solitary and encapsulated, makingthem easily recognizable from the surrounding tissue during the operation.CONCLUSION: Meticulous history taking, physical examination, and imaging modalities are necessary todifferentiate between tumor and non-tumor lesions in less common areas

Traditional Herbal Treatment Induced Bilateral Amputation of the Feet in a Five-Year-Old Child: A Case Report

Abstract Introduction: Bilateral gangrene of both legs in a child is a rare condition which may lead to sepsis when improperly treated. In certain rare cases, autoamputation may occur instead. We report a case of bilateral symmetrical autoamputation of the feet following necrotizing fasciitis after a fall injury which was treated with herbal medicine in a five-year-old child. Presentation of case: A five-year-old girl fell from a bicycle and was treated by a traditional healer by wrapping her legs with herbs and leaves. Within 24 h, the skin of both lower limbs darkened. Her vital signs show tachycardia and fever. Physical examination revealed bluish black sharp discoloration of both her lower extremities. On the 3rd day of systemic antibiotic administration, her feet, distal portion of both legs, and part of the thighs darkened progressively. The parents refused any additional intervention due to financial constraints and went back to the traditional healer. A month later, the patient returned to the hospital with both lower extremities autoamputated. The parents denied further treatment. Two months later, the patient was admitted to receive prostheses funded by the city council. Debridement of necrotic bone and soft tissue and skin grafting was performed. In the present day, the patient is in a healthy condition. Conclusion: The rare occurrence of bilateral autoamputation without any underlying vascular or neurological disorders in this patient is likely caused by vasospasm and thrombosis induced by the herbal treatments which prevent the systemic spread of infection

A Comparison of Osteoblast Cell Proliferation and Osteocalcin Expression in Cuttlefish Bone and Bovine Bone Xenograft

Abstract Background: Cuttlefish bone Xenograft, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterial graft, offers an alternative and has been accepted for osteoconductive and probable osteo-inductive attributes. This study aims to compare the bone healing potential between the bovine-derived (BHA) and cuttlefish bone-derived (CHA). Materials and Methods: The study compared osteoblast cell proliferation of 27 New Zealand rabbits in 2.5 mm bone defect made in the femoral bone. The samples were divided into three groups, which were control, BHA and CHA group. The chemical and physical characteristics of BHA and CHA were determined for the content of hydroxyapatite by FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), then tested by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the porosity. In the end of the second week, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry examinations were performed to evaluate the amount of osteoblast and osteocalcin expression. Results: The FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis showed both BHA and CHA samples were hydroxyapatite according to Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). The CHA was significantly higher (297.22±19.772) compared to BHA (258.22±30.926) and control (131.67±34.213). Osteocalcin expression in CHA (7.82±2.230) compared to BHA (6.09±3.724) and control (4.07±3.606), was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: CHA group has the highest osteoblast cell proliferation and osteocalcin expression, meaning has a good potential as future source of bone graft