The Determination of the Dielectric Constants of Aqueous Salt Solutions at Ultra High Frequencies

The determination of the dielectric constants of aqueous salt solutions is accomplished by an adaptation of the method used by Paul Drude in 1897. A stable ultra high frequency vacuum tube oscillator is used to produce standing waves in an inductively coupled Lecher wire system. The wave length used is 123 cm. The resonant point on the parallel wires, crossed by a condenser containing the salt solution, is used to measure the dielectric constant. The results obtained with KCl and K2SO4 solutions indicate that interesting and reliable results may be expected even for good conductors

The Determination of Surface Tension by Standing Waves

The velocity with which a wave travels over the surface of a liquid depends upon the surface tension of the liquid as well as on a gravity force due to the displacement of the liquid from its undisturbed position. For waves of large wavelength the effect of surface tension on the velocity of the wave is small; however for small wavelengths the gravity force is very small and the velocity of the wave is determined almost entirely by the surface tension. We shall therefore consider waves of very small wavelength

Manual versus automatic bladder wall thickness measurements: a method comparison study

Purpose To compare repeatability and agreement of conventional ultrasound bladder wall thickness (BWT) measurements with automatically obtained BWT measurements by the BVM 6500 device. Methods Adult patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary incontinence, or postvoid residual urine were urodynamically assessed. During two subsequent cystometry sessions the infusion pump was temporarily stopped at 150 and 250 ml bladder filling to measure BWT with conventional ultrasound and the BVM 6500 device. For each method and each bladder filling, repeatability and variation was assessed by the method of Bland and Altman. Results Fifty unselected patients (30 men, 20 women) aged 21–86 years (median 62.5 years) were prospectively evaluated. Invalid BWT measurements were encountered in 2.1–14% of patients when using the BVM 6500 versus 0% with conventional ultrasound (significant only during the second measurement at 150 ml bladder filling). Mean difference in BWT values between the measurements of one technique was -0.1 to +0.01 mm. Measurement variation between replicate measurements was smaller for conventional ultrasound and the smallest for 250 ml bladder filling. Mean difference between the two techniques was 0.11–0.23 mm and did not differ significantly. The BVM 6500 device was not able to correctly measure BWTs above 4 mm. Conclusions Both BWT measurements are repeatable and agree with each other. However, conventional ultrasound measurements have a smaller measurement variance, can measure BWT in all patients, and BWTs above 4 mm

Towards a Rigorous Evaluation of XAI Methods on Time Series

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods are typically deployed to explain and debug black-box machine learning models. However, most proposed XAI methods are black-boxes themselves and designed for images. Thus, they rely on visual interpretability to evaluate and prove explanations. In this work, we apply XAI methods previously used in the image and text-domain on time series. We present a methodology to test and evaluate various XAI methods on time series by introducing new verification techniques to incorporate the temporal dimension. We further conduct preliminary experiments to assess the quality of selected XAI method explanations with various verification methods on a range of datasets and inspecting quality metrics on it. We demonstrate that in our initial experiments, SHAP works robust for all models, but others like DeepLIFT, LRP, and Saliency Maps work better with specific architectures.Comment: 5 Pages 1 Figure 1 Table 1 Page Reference - 2019 ICCV Workshop on Interpreting and Explaining Visual Artificial Intelligence Model

Seeding time, method, and rate for wild rice grown as a field crop

1 online resource (PDF, 2 pages)This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Paddy production of wild rice

1 online resource (PDF, 2 pages)This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Seeding dates for small grains and flax

1 online resource (PDF, 2 pages)This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Triticale in Minnesota

1 online resource (PDF, 4 pages)This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu