Hyperglycemic Emergency in Pregnancy- Case Report and Review of Literature

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are two of the most serious acutecomplications of diabetes. The occurrence of hyperglycaemic emergency in pregnancy compromises both the fetusand the mother and is associated with excess fetal and maternal mortality. It usually occurs in the later stages ofpregnancy and is also seen in newly presenting type 1 diabetes patients. We present a case of hyperglycaemicemergency in a pregnant woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Key words: Diabetes, Emergency, Pregnanc

Practice and percepton of biomass fuel use and its health effects among residents in a sub urban area of southern Nigeria. a qualitative study

Women and Children from developing countries are exposed to high levels of pollutants from biomass combustion with associated respiratory and other diseases .Many people are unaware of respiratory and other health risks of biomass fuel leading to extensive exposure to biomass smoke. Significant number of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients in Africa are nonsmokers, main risk for COPD in rural areas in Asia, South America and Africa is smoke from biomass fuel used in cooking.1-4 The aim is to determine their practice of use of biomass fuel and their knowledge with regards to illness, respiratory and other diseases arising from its use. This study was a cross sectional descriptive qualitative study conducted between 6th and 31st July 2015. It consisted of 15 focus group discussion, open ended pre-determined questions were asked by moderators. What fuel do you use in cooking?, Which one is commonly use?, Do you know of any illness associated with the use of biomass fuel? Do we have substitute for use of biomass fuel? Out of 270 participants recruited by random sampling of clusters, 139 responded. Data analysis by systematic thematic analysis process. Bio data analysis was done using Epi-Info 3.5.1. The different groups commented on use of biomass fuel in form of wood as the commonest because it is cheap. They were aware of better and cleaner alternatives like gas and electric hot plates but for unaffordability and poor electricity supply, no mention of solar energy. Majority are of the opinion that biomass fuel use results in pain in eyes and dizziness. Most of the women mentioned cough, very few talked about asthma arising from use of biomass fuel. None mentioned COPD or cancers of the lungs or nasopharynx. Few people are aware of the relationship between smoke and respiratory diseases. No knowledge of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases or cancers. There is urgent need creating awareness by stakeholders, about respiratory diseases among these people in order to sensitize towards seeking a cleaner fuel alternative. This may necessitate empowerment hence community leaders and policy makers as well health professionals will be involved in this health promotion.Keywords: Biomass fuel, Practice, Perception, Youth, Women, Sub-Urban, Nigeri

Prevalence, Spectrum and Determinants of Diabetes Mellitus Complications in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with numerous complications. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in our locality and constitutes a major public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated determinants of diabetes complications.Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted among diabetes patients attending the endocrinology clinic in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital. A sample size of 253 participants was recruited using the systematic random sampling technique. A well-structured questionnaire was developed for this study and was administered by trained research assistants. Information obtained was entered into SPSS version 24 and analysed.Results: Out of 253 respondents, one hundred and ninety (75.1%) had at least one diabetes complication. Co-morbidities were  recognized among 104 (64.8%). All participants had HbA1c above the normal reference value of 6.5. Fasting blood glucose was within diabetes range among 154 (60.9%) patients. Neuropathy was the commonest (90, 36.0%). Age at diagnosis, duration of disease and presence of comorbidities were significantly associated with diabetes complications (P <0.05). Conclusions:  The prevalence of diabetes complication was high, the main complication was neuropathy. More than two-thirds had suboptimal glycaemic control. It is important to ensure appropriate measures to ensure tight glycaemic control to improve the quality of life. Keywords: Co-Morbidities, Complications, Diabetes mellitu

Community based diabetes risk assessment in Ogun state, Nigeria (World Diabetes Foundation project 08-321)

Objective: The study assessed the risk of developing type 2 diabetes Mellitus in Ogun State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Finnish Medical Association diabetes risk score was administered across 25 communities facilitated by non-communicable disease clinics established under a World Diabetes Foundation project. Subjects in the high risk group had blood glucose estimated. Results: 58,567 respondents included 34,990 (59.6%) females and 23,667 (40.3%) males. Majority (61.2%) were between 25 years and 54 years. Considering waist circumference, 34,990 (38.1%) females and 23,667 (5.3%) males had values above 88 cm and 102 cm respectively. Overall, 11,266 (19.2%) were obese and 28.9% overweight using body mass index (BMI). More females had elevated BMI than males. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of all subjects were 129.54 mm Hg ± 23.5 mm Hg and 76.21 mm Hg ± 15.5 mm Hg respectively. Prevalence of hypertension (Joint National Committee VII classification) was 27.7%. More subjects had normal DBP than SBP (68.2% vs. 42.5% P < 0.05). Mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) of all subjects was 5.5 mmol/L ± 0.67 mmol/L. Using a casual blood glucose >11.1 mmol/L and/or FBG >7 mmol/L, the total yield of subjects adjudged as having diabetes was 2,956 (5.05%). Mean total risk score was 5.60 ± 3.90; this was significantly higher in females (6.34 ± 4.16 vs. 4.24 ± 3.71, P < 0.05). A total of 2,956 (5.05%) had high risk of developing DM within 10 years. Conclusion: The risk of developing DM is high in the community studied with females having a higher risk score. There is urgent need to implement diabetes prevention strategies