Antioxidant Properties and In-Vitro Radical Scavenging Activities of Tannin-Rich and Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Annona senegelensis and Vernonia amygdalina leaves

Medicinal Plants have demonstrated history of managing some ailments caused by free radicals as a result of some chemical constituents they possess. This study was aimed at assessing antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of Tannin-rich and Flavoniod-rich fraction of Annona senegelensis and Vernonia amygdalina leaves via in vitro assays such as; reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging activity, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and Lipid peroxidation scavenging activity. The results obtained indicated that both medicinal plants are antioxidant reservoir. The values for Tannin rich fraction of Annona senegelensis (TRFAS) and Tannin rich fraction of Vernonia amygdalina (TRFVA) are Reducing power absorbance TRFAS (0.077-0.187), TRFVA (0.168-0239). % Nitric oxide scavenging: TRFAS (4.46-30.40), TRFVA (5.23-42.24). % H2O2 scavenging: TRFAS (7.30-20.35), TRFVA (8.12-22.32). % Lipid Perioxidation: TRFAS (6.81-32.76), TRFVA (5.16-26.16). Also the values for Flavonoid rich fraction of Annona senegelensis (FRFAS) and Flavonoid rich fraction of Vernonia amygdalina (FRFVA) are reducing power absorbance: FRFAS (0.109-0.342), FRFVA (0.124-0.388). % Nitric oxide scavenging: FRFAS (33.55-43.57), FRFVA (21.10-47.46). % H2O2 scavenging: FRFAS (39.01-74.96), FRFVA (45.80-75.20). % Lipid Perioxidation: FRFAS (24.81-59.69), FRFVA (41.43-59.98). The Tannin-rich and Flavonoid-rich fraction of both plants exhibited good antioxidant activity on all models employed at increasing concentrations but Flavoniod-rich fraction of Vernonia amygdalina had the highest inhibitory effect than the Tannin fraction. The findings from this study validated the pharmacological potency of the two plants and their potential use in combating free radical-related diseases, which are often triggered by oxidative stress

Hepatoprotective and Antidyslipidemia Effect of Jatropha Tanjorensis Leaf Extract in Isoprenaline Induced Myocardial Infarction in Albino Rats

Background: Recently, there is an increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction which manifest as a result of disrupted blood supply and oxygen to the myocardium. Objective: This study assessed the protective outcome of methanol extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf on liver function biomarkers and lipid profile condition in the isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in albino rats. Methods: Thirty six (36) rats were divided at random into six (6) groups of six rats per group. Group 1 was normal control, group 2 was negative control (85mg/kg of isoprenaline only), group 3 positive control (pretreated with 2mg/kg carvedilol for 28 days), group 4 through 6 were pretreated with 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg of methanol leaves extract of Jatropha tanjorensis respectively for 28 days. Results: The extract at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) decrease the AST and ALT activities, TAG and Cholesterol concentrations compared to negative control. The extract treated groups also showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the HDL concentration. The histopathological study showed marked atrophy of hepatic cord in the 600mg/kg of the extract treated group. This pointed that the extract at 600mg/kg dose could not possess hepatoprotective potency. The 400mg/kg dose extract ameliorated damage cells. Conclusion: This study revealed that 400mg/kg of the extract could serve as an agent for the prevention of hepatic cell injury and dyslipidemia