38 research outputs found
Effectiveness of group-based self-management education for individuals with Type 2 diabetes:A systematic review with meta-analyses and meta-regression
Aims:
Patient education for the management of Type 2 diabetes can be delivered in various forms, with the goal of promoting and supporting positive self-management behaviours. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of group-based interventions compared with individual interventions or usual care for improving clinical, lifestyle and psychosocial outcomes in people with Type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
Six electronic databases were searched. Group-based education programmes for adults with Type 2 diabetes that measured glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and followed participants for â„ 6 months were included. The primary outcome was HbA1c, and secondary outcomes included fasting blood glucose, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipid profiles, diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy.
Results:
Fifty-three publications describing 47 studies were included (n = 8533 participants). Greater reductions in HbA1c occurred in group-based education compared with controls at 6â10 months [n = 30 studies; mean difference (MD) = 3 mmol/mol (0.3%); 95% confidence interval (CI): â0.48, â0.15; P = 0.0002], 12â14 months [n = 27 studies; MD = 4 mmol/mol (0.3%); 95% CI: â0.49, â0.17; P < 0.0001], 18 months [n = 3 studies; MD = 8 mmol/mol (0.7%); 95% CI: â1.26, â0.18; P = 0.009] and 36â48 months [n = 5 studies; MD = 10 mmol/mol (0.9%); 95% CI: â1.52, â0.34; P = 0.002], but not at 24 months. Outcomes also favoured group-based education for fasting blood glucose, body weight, waist circumference, triglyceride levels and diabetes knowledge, but not at all time points. Interventions facilitated by a single discipline, multidisciplinary teams or health professionals with peer supporters resulted in improved outcomes in HbA1c when compared with peer-led interventions.
Conclusions:
Group-based education interventions are more effective than usual care, waiting list control and individual education at improving clinical, lifestyle and psychosocial outcomes in people with Type 2 diabetes.No Full Tex
Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double beta decay
The next-generation Enriched Xenon Observatory (nEXO) is a proposed
experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta () decay in
Xe with a target half-life sensitivity of approximately years
using kg of isotopically enriched liquid-xenon in a time
projection chamber. This improvement of two orders of magnitude in sensitivity
over current limits is obtained by a significant increase of the Xe
mass, the monolithic and homogeneous configuration of the active medium, and
the multi-parameter measurements of the interactions enabled by the time
projection chamber. The detector concept and anticipated performance are
presented based upon demonstrated realizable background rates.Comment: v2 as publishe
Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO
A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a
charge-detecting "tile", is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon
detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal
charge-collecting strips, 3~mm wide, on a 10~\si{\cm} 10~\si{\cm}
fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such
as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless
double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable
area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a
Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for
an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and
Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be
designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode
also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in
large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested
in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the
measured ionization spectrum of a Bi source and simulations that
include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of
the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution =5.5\%
is observed at 570~\si{keV}, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only
resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936~V/\si{cm}.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, as publishe