Interleukin 10 And 18 levels in Essential Hypertensive

The mechanism underlying a sustained blood pressure elevation and its sequelae on the inflammatory cascades have not been totally unraveled. This research was, in addition to body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) therefore, primarily set to assess the levels of; interleukins -18 and 10 (Il-18 and Il-10) as markers of pro and anti-inflammation. The study included 317 subjects-100 untreated with essential hypertension and currently not on drugs, 114 with essential hypertension and on antihypertensive drugs together with DASH diets and lifestyle modifications. The remaining were 103 control subjects with normal blood pressure. All parameters were assessed in treated and untreated hypertensive patients relative to apparently healthy subjects. Secondarily, it was also designed to assess the effect of treatment, gender and age on all estimated parameters. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 21. The Student’s t test was used in comparing means. Values were Significant at P<0.05. SBP, DBP, Il-18, were significantly increased while IL10 was significantly decreased in both treated and untreated hypertensive compared to control. BMI was insignificantly increased in treated hypertensive but significantly increased in untreated hypertensive relative to control. SBP, DBP, Il 18, were significantly lower while IL10 was significantly higher in treated hypertensive compared with untreated hypertensive. It was discovered that inflammation is a hallmark in hypertensive can be significantly reversed through the administration of antihypertensive drugs, diets and a strict adherence to healthy lifestyle modifications. These findings could help to design better interventions and get better outcomes for essential hypertensive.Keywords: Essential hypertension, interleukins, Anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammator

Oxidative protein modification and chromosomal instability among type 2 diabetics in Osogbo, Nigeria

Background: The abundance of proteins in human system has made it a major target for glucose auto-oxidation. Likewise, chromosomal instability, describes an oxidative DNA damage that can be accelerated by chronic hyperglycemia. This work investigates the extent and contribution of diabetes oxidation/stress on protein carbonylation and chromosomal instability among 120 type 2 diabetics (60 with vascular complications and 60 without any vascular complications) and 50 apparently healthy control subjects. Anthropometric data and fasting venous blood specimen was collected from each participant for glyceamic control, antioxidants, protein oxidation, oxidative DNA damage parameters and chromosomal aberration assay using standard methods.Results: Diabetics without vascular complications shows a significant (p = 0.0000) difference in all measured parameters except 8-OHdG (p = 0.0764) as compared to control subjects. However, diabetics with vascular complications show significant (p = 0.0000) difference of all measured parameters than those without vascular complications.Conclusion: Our study findings indicate an increased formation of protein carbonyl contents, and chromosomal aberration in diabetics especially among those with vascular complications, likewise, diabetes with vascular complications is associated with increased DM disease activity. Thus, protein oxidative biomarker can serve as a therapeutic tool in the management of diabetes cases while increased chromosomal aberration may indicate an increased risk for cancer among diabetics

Assessment of CD34, PSMA and P53 IHC expression in normal, benign and malignant prostate lesions

Background Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death in the male worldwide, it include the transformation of normal to benign prostatic hyperplasia and then invasive cancer. Immuno-histochemistry has proven to be a very useful diagnostic tool in the study of this transformation. Aim: Assessing the immunohistochemical expression of CD34, PSMA and P53 as diagnostic marker in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate adenocarcinoma, and to determine the degree of the expression of these IHC biomarkers’ Methods: Confirmed prostate tissue blocks of non-malignant, BPH and prostate adenocarcinoma were obtained from the pathological archives of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex. In total, 50 prostate tissue blocks were retrieved. Among these, 10 prostate tissue blocks had non-malignant diagnosis, 20 prostate tissue blocks were diagnosed with BPH and 20 prostate tissue blocks were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Sections were cut and immunohistochemical study were done using CD34, PSMA and P53 antibodies following standard protocols. Results: Membranous CD34 staining was expressed; normal cases showed the positivity rate of 80%, benign prostatic hyperplasia showed a positivity rate of 60%, and prostate cancer showed a positivity rate of 90%. Cytoplasmic PSMA staining was expressed, the normal cases showed a positivity rate of 30%, benign prostatic hyperplasia showed a positivity rate of 50%, and prostate cancer showed a positivity rate of 90%. Nuclear p53 staining was expressed; normal cases showed the positivity rate of 3%, benign prostatic hyperplasia showed a positivity rate of 5% and prostate cancer showed a positivity rate of 80%. There was an upregulation in PSMA in the progression to malignant condition. Conclusion: This study established the usefulness of CD34, PSMA and P53 immunohistochemical markers in the study of the prostate tissues from normal to BPH and to a malignant prostate. These markers provided differential diagnosis of different prostatic lesion, hence their use is recommended in histopathology laboratories alongside routine Hematoxylin and Eosin in the diagnosis of prostate biopsies

EVALUATION OF SOME INFLAMMATORY AND MUSCLE MARKERS IN PREMENOPAUSAL AND POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Background: Menopause is associated with an array of metabolic changes which results into the appearance of inflammatory conditions. Objectives: The study evaluated the levels of some inflammatory markers; C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and uric acid. The muscle markers evaluated were creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST) as well as body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (Bp) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Method: The study is a case-controlled study involving 50 premenopausal and 50 postmenopausal women in Nnewi metropolis. In both study groups, anthropometric measurements including body mass index (Kg/m2) and blood pressure (mmHg) were carried out. Serum levels of uric acid, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, aspartate transaminase, rheumatoid factor and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured using appropriate techniques. Results: The result showed significant increase (p<0.05) in the mean serum levels of uric acid (μmol/L), CRP (mg/L), ESR mm/hr, and AST IU/L but no significant change was observed in creatine kinase in post menopausal women. A significant positive relationship was observed between CRP and BMI (r = 0.562; p<0.01), CRP and ESR (r = 0.553; p<0.01). The prevalence of positive rheumatoid factor among postmenopausal women was determined as 16%. Conclusion: The study concluded that in postmenopausal women, there is significant increase in the levels of CRP, ESR and uric acid. There is also a significant positive relationship between CRP, ESR and BMI indicating that the degree of changes in metabolites and obesity might have a role in the mediation of inflammation in post menopausal women