Localities of occurrence for <i>Cochranella mache</i> in northwestern Ecuador.

<p>(*) New records reported in this article.</p

Cochranella mache.

<p>Amplectant pair captured on the April 22, 2009 Rompe-frente rivulet (A) and a calling male (SVL = 26.4 mm, not collected) showing its profile and ventral views, photographed on the April 20, 2009 Rompe-frente rivulet, Bilsa Biological Station, northwestern Ecuador (B, C). Photographs by Christian Paucar.</p

Summary of the most important environmental variables selected by MaxEnt, with relative contributions in the ecological niche model of <i>Cochranella mache.</i>

<p>Summary of the most important environmental variables selected by MaxEnt, with relative contributions in the ecological niche model of <i>Cochranella mache.</i></p

Vertical forest stratification use.

<p>Histogram of frequency (percentages) of males of <i>C. mache</i>, categorized by vertical forest stratification at Bilsa Biological Station, northwestern Ecuador.</p

Potential distribution area of Cochranella mache and percentage of such distribution under two scenarios of climate change (CCCMa-A2, CCCMa-B2), effect of habitat loss and remnant model included in protected areas in northwestern Ecuador and southern Colombia.

<p>Logistic threshold decision was applied on models with a Minimum training presence (MTP) and Fixed cumulative value of 20% (T20, but see Materials and Methods).</p

Potential distribution model of glassfrog <i>Cochranella mache</i>, in Km² (percentages), predicted for protected areas in western Ecuador (Ecu) and southern Colombia (Col).

<p>Logistic threshold decision was applied on a models with a Minimum training presence (MTP) and Fixed cumulative value of 20% (T20; see Materials and methods for details). Ordered numbers correspond to the identity label in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081837#pone-0081837-g006" target="_blank">Figures 6</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081837#pone-0081837-g007" target="_blank">7</a>.</p

Call of <i>Cochranella mache.</i>

<p>(A) Section oscillogram, (B) call oscillogram, (C) spectrogram and (D) power spectrum generated from a calling male recorded at 2254 h, 9 May 2008, Rompe-frente rivulet at Bilsa Biological Station. The second call (*) was used to analyze acoustic data in (B−D). Green line in (D) marks the peak frequency (5426.4 Hz) in the band spectrum.</p

The role of protected areas in two future scenarios of climate change.

<p>In scenarios of climate change, the amount of reduction of the predicted geographic range is critical for <i>Cochranella mache</i> in Sanquianga Natural National Park (1) and Manglares-Mataje Ecological Reserve (2), whereas in the other three reserves, the reduction of the predicted potential geographic range results minimum.</p

Predation in <i>Cochranella mache</i>.

<p>(A) The snake <i>Leptodeira septentrionalis</i> and (B) a Ctenid spider at Bilsa Biological Station, northwestern Ecuador. Photographs by C. Paucar.</p

Viper occurrence data (N) and Partial ROC analyses results (Mean Ratio = MR, standard deviation = SD, significance = <i>P</i>).

<p>*** = <0.001, ** = <0.01, * = <0.05.</p