IDENTIFIKASI UNSUR-UNSUR STRUKTUR RUANG KOTA YOGYAKARTA YANG MENDUKUNG FUNGSI PASAR TRADISIONAL BERINGHARJO

Abstract: Yogyakarta has several traditional markets, one of which is Beringharjo. This market has been long established in conjunction with the construction of the Sultan Palace and became the economic center in the city of Yogyakarta. Beringharjo located on Jenderal Ahmad Yani street which is the trade area. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the elements of the spatial structure of Yogyakarta which support functions as well as to understand and decipher the links between these elements in creating an environment that supports the function of Beringharjo market. Object of observation is a function of the mass and shape of the building is to be around Beringharjo, pedestrian and vehicle lanes to be around Beringharjo Traditional Market, and the types of public transportation are located around Beringharjo Traditional Market. The method used is the observation, and literature. Figure ground theory is used to analyze the function and mass building around Beringharjo. Linkage theory is used to classify characters based on the function and activity, whereas the comparison between theory building height and street width to analyze the convenience of road space for pedestrians. The results of this study are character functions and activities along Jendral Ahmad Yani street can be divided into three segments, that is opening, core and cover. Based on the distribution of the three segments, figure ground analysis that shows the shape and composition of mass transportation lines shows that the public transportation network, namely the Trans Jogja stop there on the third segment. The existence of Trans Jogja buses as public transportation support functions and activities that take place on Jendral Ahmad Yani street, who also supports the sustainability of activities in Beringharjo. Keywords: market, function, form, pedestrian, vehicle, transportationAbstrak: Kota Yogyakarta memiliki beberapa pasar tradisional, salah satunya adalah Pasar Beringharjo. Kegiatan di pasar ini sudah berlangsung tak lama setelah pembangunan Keraton Yogyakarta.Pasar Beringharjo terletak di Jalan Jendral Ahmad Yani yang merupakan kawasan perdagangan. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, pasar ini menjadi pusat perekonomian di Kota Yogyakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memahami unsur-unsur struktur ruang Kota Yogyakarta yang mendukung fungsi Pasar Beringharjo serta untuk memahami dan menguraikan keterkaitan antara unsur-unsur tersebut dalam menciptakan lingkungan Kota Yogyakarta yang mendukung fungsi Pasar Beringharjo. Obyek pengamatan adalah fungsi dan bentuk massa bangunan yang berada di sekitar Pasar Beringharjo, jalur pedestrian dan kendaraan yang berada di sekitar Pasar Tradisional Beringharjo, dan jenis sarana transportasi umum yang terletak di sekitar Pasar Tradisional Beringharjo. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengamatan dan studi pustaka. Figure ground theory digunakan untuk menganalisis fungsi dan bentuk massa bangunan di sekitar Pasar Beringharjo. Linkage theory digunakan untuk mengelompokkan karakter berdasarkan fungsi dan aktivitas, sedangkan teori perbandingan antara tinggi bangunan dan lebar jalan untuk menganalisis kenyamanan ruang jalan bagi pedestrian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah karakter fungsi dan aktivitas di sepanjang Jalan Jenderal Ahmad Yani dapat dibagi dalam tiga segmen, yaitu segmen pembuka, inti dan penutup. Berdasarkan pembagian ketiga segmen tersebut, analisis figure ground yang menunjukkan bentuk gubahan massa dan jalur transportasi memperlihatkan bahwa jaringan alat transportasi umum, yaitu Halte Trans Jogja terdapat pada ketiga segmen tersebut. Adanya bus Trans Jogja sebagai alat transportasi umum mendukung fungsi dan kegiatan yang berlangsung di Jalan Jenderal Ahmad Yani, yang juga mendukung keberlangsungan kegiatan di Pasar Beringharjo.Kata kunci: pasar, fungsi, bentuk, pedestrian, kendaraan, transportas

Protective effects of dietary supplement Spirulina (Spirulinaplatensis) against toxically impacts of monosodium glutamatein blood and behavior of swiss mouse

Background: Well-known monosodium glutamate (E-621, MSG), originally used as a food flavor enhancer, was approved approximately in all countries, but the toxicity versus the safety of (MSG) are still unclear due to variable scientific toxicological reports. Moreover, it was reported to trigger elevated frequencies of nausea and headaches in humans and provide deleterious effects on laboratory animals. The objectives of the present study were to (i) estimate the possible toxic effects of the food additive MSG (ii) and the ameliorating protective effects of the dietary supplement spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on the biochemical parameters of blood and the damage produced in organs of Swiss mice after applying a supplementary daily dose of MSG for 4 weeks. (2) Methods: The present study was conducted on 20 mature Swiss mice, which were randomly organized into four groups of five Swiss mice. The treatments were (I) the control group, in which Swiss mice were fed only animal feed and drinking water; group II MSG1, which received 1 mL of MSG; group III MSG0.5, which was treated with 0.5 mL of MSG; and (IV) the group MSGS, which was treated with 1 mL of monosodium glutamate and 1 mL of spirulina (aiming to reduce the MSG toxicity). (3) Results: At the end of the experiment, Swiss mice treated with MSG demonstrated a passiveness regarding behavioral aspects. As we hypothesized, the parameters of the spirulina group reached similar values to the control group, and no histopathological observations have been found. Altogether, our findings evidenced that monosodium glutamate leads to histopathological changes in Swiss mice kidneys and caused important modifications for all biochemical parameters of the blood serum. Noticeably, the potential protective effect of Spirulina platensis was proved and was described by using the FTIR spectroscopy technique. (4) Conclusions: A diet rich in antioxidants and other plant-derived bioactive compounds may provide healthy nutrition, alleviating the potential side effects of some food additives

Determination of VEGFR-2 (KDR) 604A>G Polymorphism in Pancreatic Disorders

Pancreatic disorders have a high prevalence worldwide. Despite the fact that screening methods became more effective and the knowledge we have nowadays about pancreatic diseases has enhanced, their incidence remains high. Our purpose was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of VEGFR-2/KDR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/kinase insert domain receptor) influences susceptibility to develop pancreatic pathology. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (n = 110), chronic pancreatitis (n = 25), pancreatic cancer (n = 82) and healthy controls (n = 232). VEGFR-2 (KDR) 604A>G (rs2071559) polymorphism frequency was determined with TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Statistical assessment was performed by associating genetic polymorphism with clinical and pathological data. In both pancreatic disorders and healthy control groups the polymorphism we studied was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association between increased risk for pancreatic disorders and studied polymorphism was statistically significant. KDR 604AG and AG + GG genotypes were more prevalent in acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer patients than in controls. These genotypes influence disease development in a low rate. No association was found between chronic pancreatitis and KDR 604AG and AG + GG genotypes. In Romanian cohort, we found an association between the KDR 604A→G polymorphism and acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Carriers of the -604G variant allele were more frequent among acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer than among controls, suggesting that KDR 604G allele may confer an increased risk for these diseases. In the future, more extensive studies on larger groups are necessary, in order to clarify the role of VEGFR2 polymorphisms in pancreatic pathology