刑部郎中封無待撰『注心経并序』本文と小考

The Prajnāpāramitāhṛdaya, which was translated into Chinese around the middle of the 7th century in Tang dynasty, is an extremely short Buddhist text, yet innumerable studies have been devoted to it. Despite this, scholars have traditionally had to rely only on 11 Tang-era commentaries known. In this paper, I wish to present a newly discovered Tang-era commentary on the Prajnāpāramitāhṛdaya. The author is Feng Wudai, a scholarly bureaucrat in the Tang court whose official title was “Bureau Director” in the Ministry of Justice. He was a member of the same Feng clan that is mentioned in the 新唐書宰相世系表Xin Tang shu衾zaixiang shixi biao (New Book of Tang: Genealogical Table of Chancellors). This work is preserved in Shinpuku-ji, a temple in Nagoya City perhaps better known by its other name Ōsu Kannon. The manuscript was copied in Year 2 of the Genkō Era (1322 CE). The fact that this Tang-era commentary was discovered in the collections of an old Japanese Buddhist temple not only corroborates the notion that Tang Buddhism was widely accepted in Japan, it is also very significant in that it was compiled not by a scholarly monk schooled in the tenets of Buddhism, but rather by civil servant in the government, namely a bureau director in the Ministry of Justice. There are few accounts of the life of Feng Wudai, but from his own 注心経Commentary on the Prajnāpāramitāhṛdaya we can deduce that he wasfamiliar with Buddhism from a young age and had studied it. In particular, it appears he had an interest in prajnā doctrine, in interest which is reflected in his commentary. Let us now look at the specific period in the Tang Dynasty in which Feng Wudai was active. The first major clue is the year in which his wife is thought to have died. Cen Zhongmianʼs 元和姓纂四校記(Yuan he xing zuan si jiao ji) tells that an inscription on his wife Liʼs grave places her death at Year 8 of the Kaiyuan Era (720 CE). If we accept this evidence, Bureau Director Feng Wudai in the Ministry of Justice was active from the reign of the Tang rulers Gaozong and Wu Zetian to the era of Xuanzong. It is not uncommon for interpretations of Buddhist works given by nonspecialists to be subject to a considerable amount of scrutiny. This rule of thumb applies all the more so when dealing with a specialized subject such as prajnā studies, where much effort is put into persuading prajnā specialists. It is often the case, however, for such works to exhibit slightly inexpedient readings of Sanskrit that are often inaccurate in the given context. I hope to avoid that in this paper by placing the focus on reproducing Wudaiʼ s text and in doing so merely make a few simple observations on certain aspects of ideas and scholarship on the topic

『大毘婆沙論』の訳出と綱要書の編集 ―『文義次第』復元への試み―

Xuanzang玄奘translated a total of 76 works in 1347 scrolls巻. A large part of this output comprises extremely voluminous texts such as the Mahaprajnaparamita大般若經(600 scrolls), the Abhidharmamahavibhasasastra阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論(200 scrolls), the Yogacarabhumi瑜伽師地論(100 scrolls), etc. Xuanzang\u27s translations of Abhidharma texts, which include the Abhidharmamahavibhasasastra, the Nyayanusarasastra 阿毘達磨順正理論(80 scrolls), etc., amount to a total of 13 works in a 444 scrolls. It is known that Xuanzang\u27s translation of the Abhidharmamahavibhasasastra has been the object of 18 traditional commentaries, but none of them has survived to this day. Or so it was thought until recently when I have been able to discover fragments from one of these commentarial works in the famous Shinpuku Monastery真福寺in Nagoya, Japan. This is a manuscript from the beginning of the 13^ century which is entitled the Da piposhe lun wenyi cidi大毘婆沙論文義次第. The order of the manuscript folios is not in the correct order. Thanks to our restoration work, about 40% of the text is now available. The manuscript colophon contains the following note concerning the authorship of this treatise :寫本云,此書光法師撰,或玄奘撰.提秀説.\u27The manuscript says: this work is the composition of either by Master Guang or Xuanzang. [This is] Teishu\u27s view\u27. The manuscript was copied at Hoju Monastery法住寺in Kyoto. \u27Master Guang\u27 must refer to Puguang普光, one of the most important figures who was active in Xuanzang\u27s translation bureau鐸場for about 20 years. By the name of Dasheng Guang大乘光, he actually was the scholar in charge of committing to writing筆受, i.e., producing the final edited form of the Abhidharmamahavibhasasastra translation, and hence the attribution of this exegetical work to Puguang makes good sense. This commentary is actually known to have been first brought to Japan during the Nara Period. We can infer from this that the text had already been in existence by the middle of the 8^ century. It is difficult to ascertain the author on the basis of inner textual evidence, but the ascription of the text to a person closely related to Xuanzang\u27s translation bureau is plausible enough. The appendix to my study contains a reproduction of the restored text of the Wenyi cidi

『陀羅尼雑集』所収の経典について〔附正誤表〕

Tuo-luo-ni-za ji陀羅尼雑集十巻ten volumes are recorded on the xian-sheng ji賢聖集of Kai-yuan-ru開元録.Although many of conventional Catalogue of scriptures経録had been treated as the "Buddhist scripture", Zhi-sheng智昇who is the author of Kai-yuan-ru開元録concluded what edited this book in China as a result of verification. The dharani陀羅尼of 276 sorts of real numbers is recorded on this Tuo-luo-ni-za ji陀羅尼雑集.An interesting thing has not only dharani陀羅尼but many things in which the Buddhist scripture containing the dharani陀羅尼is mentioned. Those some are making with the book which was missing by Kai-yuan-ru開元録.Then, historical investigation was tried about the source of the dharani陀羅尼quoted and the Buddhist scripture. The tables of contents currently mentioned to each scrolls are 169 totals. Although an unknown thing of sources is 73% of 124 points, if it measures by the quantity, it will become about 50%. When it puts in another way, as for the part which is in agreement with the present Taishozo大正蔵book, the amount of Tuo-luo-ni-za ji陀羅尼雑集no less than five volumes are. Next, the Kongoji Manusripts金剛寺写本of Tuo-luo-ni-za-ji陀羅尼雑集was investigated. Kongoji-issaikyo金剛寺一切経, from the cloister government term, it continued and was copied down into the Kamakura period. These are assumed to be a transfer book from Nara sutra-copying. That is, it will be close to the Tang Buddhism唐仏教The title of the volume 1, volume 3, and volume 5 of Kongoji Manusripts金剛寺写本serves as a Za-zhou ji雑呪集. Respectively, it is mostly in agreement with volume 4, volume 6, and the volume 8 of the Tuo-luo-ni-za ji陀羅尼雑集of the Taishozo大正蔵book. It guessed that the original title was Za-zhou ji雑呪集from the consideration on these comparison historical investigation. It was assumed that change of a title and exchange of the contents were based on the request which avoids misconception since Tuo-luo-ni-ji-jing陀羅尼集経十二巻twelve volumes was translated about the middle of the seventh century. Although the simultaneously confused dharani陀羅尼was arranged and the order of scrolls was replaced, it cannot be said that it was modified. The proof is left as it is in the state where 19 of 169 titles overlap or are similar

Three-Dimensional Comparison in Palatal Forms Between Modified Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Plate and Hotz's Plate Applied to the Infants With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

AbstractThe presurgical nasoalveolar molding plate appliance with stent (PNAM) extended from the palatal molding plate; to correct the nostril shape of infants with cleft lip and palate is well known. The PNAM appliance is based on the finding that a high degree of plasticity is maintained in the cartilage of infants during the first 6 weeks after birth. However, on the current PNAM protocol described by Grayson et al. the nasal stent is supposed to be an adjunct to the palatal molding plate after reducing the severity of the alveolar cleft width. We have used the modified Hotz's plate from the setup model and built up the nasal stent even before reducing the severity of the alveolar deformity. In this study we assess the effects of the modified Hotz's plate and the modified PNAM appliance for the alveolar and palatal form. The lateral deviation of the incisal point, the width of the palatal cleft, and the degree of curvature of the palatal vault were first evaluated on plaster models. The PNAM group is smaller on the lateral deviation of the incisal point than the modified Hotz's group. The decreased average width of the palatal cleft and curvature of the palate, was almost the same in both the modified Hotz's and PNAM groups. In comparison with the modified Hotz's plate, the modified PNAM appliance also improves the molding of the alveolar segments and reduces cleft width

Molecular phylogeny and evolution of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genes in legumes

BACKGROUND: Nuclear genes determine the vast range of phenotypes that are responsible for the adaptive abilities of organisms in nature. Nevertheless, the evolutionary processes that generate the structures and functions of nuclear genes are only now be coming understood. The aim of our study is to isolate the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genes in two distantly related legumes, and use these sequences to examine the molecular evolutionary history of this nuclear gene. RESULTS: We isolated the expressed Adh genes from two species of legumes, Sophora flavescens Ait. and Wisteria floribunda DC., by a RT-PCR based approach and found a new Adh locus in addition to homologues of the Adh genes found previously in legumes. To examine the evolution of these genes, we compared the species and gene trees and found gene duplication of the Adh loci in the legumes occurred as an ancient event. CONCLUSION: This is the first report revealing that some legume species have at least two Adh gene loci belonging to separate clades. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that these genes resulted from relatively ancient duplication events

Existence of a Neuropathic Pain Component in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee

∙ The authors have no financial conflicts of interest. © Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2012 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens