19,957 research outputs found

    A study on exponential-size neighborhoods for the bin packing problem with conflicts

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    We propose an iterated local search based on several classes of local and large neighborhoods for the bin packing problem with conflicts. This problem, which combines the characteristics of both bin packing and vertex coloring, arises in various application contexts such as logistics and transportation, timetabling, and resource allocation for cloud computing. We introduce O(1)O(1) evaluation procedures for classical local-search moves, polynomial variants of ejection chains and assignment neighborhoods, an adaptive set covering-based neighborhood, and finally a controlled use of 0-cost moves to further diversify the search. The overall method produces solutions of good quality on the classical benchmark instances and scales very well with an increase of problem size. Extensive computational experiments are conducted to measure the respective contribution of each proposed neighborhood. In particular, the 0-cost moves and the large neighborhood based on set covering contribute very significantly to the search. Several research perspectives are open in relation to possible hybridizations with other state-of-the-art mathematical programming heuristics for this problem.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figure

    Universal Numeric Quantifiers in Japanese

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    This paper examines a subtype of floating quantifiers, in which a universal quantifier along with a numeral appear at a distance from their nominal associate. According to Cirillo (2010), this floating universal numeric quantifier (UNQ) construction is found in some (but not all) Romance and Germanic languages. While Cirillo provides strong evidence for a stranding analysis (cf. Sportiche, 1988; Bošković, 2004) of the floating UNQ rather than an adverbial approach (cf. Bobaljik, 2004; Nakanishi, 2006), his most crucial data could be accommodated under a particular version of the adverbial view, advocated by Doetjes (1997) and Fitzpatrick (2006), which postulates pro inside a base-generated adjunct nominal. Building on Kawashima’s (1994; 1998) observations about Japanese, this paper argues that (i) Japanese also has the adnominal/floating UNQ and (ii) the stranding approach is superior to the pro-based adverbial analysis noted above in handling the floating UNQ. To show this, I will examine in some depth the syntax of adnominal quantification in Japanese (and Chinese) with a special focus on the ways in which numeral classifiers interact with other adnominal elements. Several theoretical consequences of the analysis will be explored, including the nature of quantifier stranding and syntactic locality.Este artículo examina un subtipo de los cuantificadores flotantes, en el que un cuantificador universal junto con un numeral aparece a una cierta distancia de su asociado nominal. De acuerdo con Cirillo (2010), esta construcción de cuantificador numérico universal flotante (CNU) es encontrada en algunas (pero no todas) lenguas románicas y germánicas. Mientras Cirillo facilita evidencia contundente para un análisis de encallamiento (cf. Sportiche, 1988; Bošković, 2004) del CNU flotante en lugar de una aproximación adverbial (cf. Bobaljik, 2004; Nakanishi, 2006), su dato más crucial podría ser acomodado bajo una versión partícular de la visión adverbial, defendida por Doetjes (1997) y Fitzpatrick (2006), quienes postulan que pro se encuentra dentro de un adjunto nominal generado en su posición superficial. Basándome en las observaciones del japonés llevadas a cabo por Kawashima (1994; 1998), este artículo arguye que (i) el japonés también tiene el CNU adnominal/flotante y (ii) la aproximación de encallamiento es superior al análisis adverbial basado-pro observado anteriormente en el manejo del CNU flotante. Con el fin de demostrar esto, examinaré con cierta profundidad la sintaxis de la cuantificación adnominal del japonés (y chino) prestando especial atención a las formas en las que los clasificadores nominales interaccionan con otros elementos adnominales. Varias consecuencias teóricas del análisis serán analizadas, incluida la naturaleza del encallamiento del cuantificador y la localidad sintácticaEste artigo analisa um subtipo de quantificadores flutuantes, em que um quantificador universal e um numeral surgem distantes do nome ao qual estão associados. De acordo com Cirillo (2010), estes 'quantificadores numerais universais' (UNQ) flutuantes surgem em algumas (mas não todas) línguas românicas e germânicas. Apesar de Cirillo apresentar fortes evidências para uma análise de encalhe (e.g., Sportiche 1988, Bošković 2004) para os UNQ flutuantes em vez de uma análise adverbial (Bobaljik 2004, Nakanishi 2006), os dados apresentados devem ser analisados a partir de uma versão da análise adverbial, postulada por Doetjes (1997) e Fitzpatrick (2006), segundo a qual pro está inserido num adjunto adnominal gerado na base. Partindo das observações de Kawashima (1994, 1998) para o Japonês, este artigo defende que: (i) o japonês também tem UNQ adnominais/flutuantes e (ii) a análise de encalhamento é mais adequada do que a análise adverbial, já apresentada, para explicar os UNQ flutuantes. Neste sentido, examinarei a sintaxe dos quantificadores adnominais no japonês (e no chinês) com especial enfoque na forma como os classificadores numerais interagem com outros elementos de natureza adnominal. Diversas consequências teóricas da análise serão exploradas, incluindo a natureza do quantificador encalhado e localidade sintática
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