14 research outputs found
Characteristic of bacteriurii in patients with urinary infections, living in different regions
The aim of the research is to give comparative characteristics of bacteriurii and microflora sensitiveness to antibiotics in persons suffering from urinary infections (two regions, Moscow and Tyumen) Material and methods of research: 173 patients with urinary infection (cystitis, pyelonephritis) were examined. Material for research was media portion of freely produced urine.The investigation of bacteriurii was carried out with quantitative method according to recommendations of National Committee on Clinic Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, USA) The results obtained and discussion It is shown that E. coli and Enterococus were most frequently in persons living in Tyumen. E. Coli and K. pneumomiae were revealed in Moscow. The most active preparation against E. coli Tyumen inhabitants were nitrofuranam, karbopenemy, cefalosporiny of III generation and less important aminoglikozidy, against Enterococcus — ftorkhinoly, vancomicin, Laevomycetin. In patients with infections urinary infections in Moscow the most active preparations against E. coli and К pneumomiae were Karbopenemy, aminoglikozidy and cefalosporiny of III generation and ftorkhinoly. High resistance to Nitrofuranam was marked (= 62 percents). Conclusion. Bacteriuriii features were revealed in patients with the urinary infections ways in different regions of the Russian Federation. The most active preparations which can be used for the treatment of patients with urinary infections taking into account the exciters given were shown on resistance.Цель работы — дать сравнительную характеристику бактерийурии и чувствительности микрофлоры к антибиотикам у жителей двух регионов (г. Москва и г. Тюмень), страдающих инфекциями мочевыводящих путей. Материал и методы исследования: всего обследовано 173 больных с инфекцией мочевыводящих путей (цистит, пиелонефрит). Материалом для исследования была средняя порция свободно выпущенной мочи. Исследование бактерийурии проводилось количественным методом согласно рекомендациям Национального комитета по клиническим лабораторным стандартам (NCCLS, США). Полученные результаты и обсуждение. Показано, что у жителей г. Тюмени наиболее часто выделяются из мочи E.Coli и Enterococcus, а в г. Москве — Е. Coli и К. pneumoniae. Наиболее активными препаратами в отношении Е. СоМ у больных в г. Тюмени являлись нитрофураны, карбопенемы, цефалоспорины III поколения и, в меньшей степени, аминогликозиды; в отношении Enterococcus — фторхинолоны, ванкомицин и левомицетин (хлорамфеникол). У больных с инфекцией мочевыводящих путей в г. Москве наиболее активными препаратами в отношении Е. Coli и К. pneumoniae оказались карбопенемы, аминогликозиды и цефалоспорины III поколения, а также фторхинолоны. При этом к нитрофуранам в случае выделения К. pneumoniae отмечалась высокая резистентность (почти 62%). Заключение. Проведенные исследования выявили особенности бактерийурии у больных с инфекциями мочевыводящих путей в различных регионах РФ, а также показали наиболее активные препараты, которые могут быть использованы для лечения больных с учетом данных по локальной резистентности возбудителей
Continuing Education as a Teachers’ Professional Culture Component
The relevance of the research problem of modern approaches to forming and development of the teacher’s professional culture in the conditions of informatization and digitalization of the educational environment is caused by the necessity of continuing education and raising its quality.In this connection, the present paper is directed to the study of the potential of modern ICT as a resource of the teachers’ professional development in the process of their continuing education.The leading method in this problem study is the method of generalization of domestic and foreign researches results in the field of continuing education, and analysis of the up-to-date experience, modern pedagogical practices of using innovative technologies making it possible to disclose successfulness of forming the teacher’s informational and communicative culture. Research data and results of questioning 525 pedagogues are expounded supporting the necessity of forming new possible instruments of developing pedagogical culture.The paper deals with some peculiarities of modern approaches to forming and developing the teacher’s professional culture within the frames of supplementary professional education as a component of continuing education. Included are the results of empirical research of an influence of the use by teachers of educational organizations modern informational and communicative technologies aimed at positive interaction in a collective body.Practical significance of the research results, presented in the paper is in the proof of effectiveness of implementing variable module programs aimed at teaching pedagogues the mediation technology and the technology of joint digital model-building electronic aids.As a result of the research, it has been asserted that integration of the informative-communicative component while developing professional culture and orienting educational process to expanding knowledge alongside informational, socio-psychological and upbringing aspects in the teacher’s activity, it is possible to ascertain successfulness of raising the quality of education, a positive motivation for using the competencies acquired and broadening the potentialities of the educational environment
Continuing Education as a Teachers’ Professional Culture Component
The relevance of the research problem of modern approaches to forming and development of the teacher’s professional culture in the conditions of informatization and digitalization of the educational environment is caused by the necessity of continuing education and raising its quality.In this connection, the present paper is directed to the study of the potential of modern ICT as a resource of the teachers’ professional development in the process of their continuing education.The leading method in this problem study is the method of generalization of domestic and foreign researches results in the field of continuing education, and analysis of the up-to-date experience, modern pedagogical practices of using innovative technologies making it possible to disclose successfulness of forming the teacher’s informational and communicative culture. Research data and results of questioning 525 pedagogues are expounded supporting the necessity of forming new possible instruments of developing pedagogical culture.The paper deals with some peculiarities of modern approaches to forming and developing the teacher’s professional culture within the frames of supplementary professional education as a component of continuing education. Included are the results of empirical research of an influence of the use by teachers of educational organizations modern informational and communicative technologies aimed at positive interaction in a collective body.Practical significance of the research results, presented in the paper is in the proof of effectiveness of implementing variable module programs aimed at teaching pedagogues the mediation technology and the technology of joint digital model-building electronic aids.As a result of the research, it has been asserted that integration of the informative-communicative component while developing professional culture and orienting educational process to expanding knowledge alongside informational, socio-psychological and upbringing aspects in the teacher’s activity, it is possible to ascertain successfulness of raising the quality of education, a positive motivation for using the competencies acquired and broadening the potentialities of the educational environment
CHARACTERISTICS AND STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF LIPOSOMAL PREPARATIONS
The main objective of pharmaceutical technology is to maximize the use of «pharmaceutical factors» for ensuring the high quality of prepared medicines, which coincides with the strategic task of biopharmacy, which is to maximize the effectiveness of medicines and reducing to the maximum of their possible adverse effect on the body According to biopharmaceutical studies, dosage form substantially affect the validity of the included medicinal substances. In recent decades, a significant part of scientific research in the field of pharmacy is devoted to the creation of dosage forms based on targeted delivery systems of diagnostic and medicinal substances, among which liposomes have gained the greatest popularity. Liposomes are considered as promising delivery systems of drugs in the bloodstream because of its colloid properties, controlled size, surface characteristics, membranotropic and biocompatibility. However, the colloidal disperse systems are thermodynamically unstable, so the undoubted practical relevance in the development stage and the obtaining of liposomes presents a characterization and evaluation of stability of the resulting product. For this purpose, as a rule, use 3 core indicators - size of vesicles, polydispersity index and zeta-potential. The size of liposomes is one of the main indicators of the quality of liposomal preparation, which mainly depends on its component composition and technology. Dispersion of liposomes significantly affects the rate of elimination and distribution of the drug, the concentration in biological fluids and tissues, as well as determines the mechanism of cell internalization. Since in most macromolecular and nanodisperse systems molecules and particles are not the same, when describing the properties of systems, it is necessary to use the particle distribution functions according to their parameters, i.e. in the study of real systems to take into account their polydispersity, since monodisperse approximations can lead to incorrect conclusions about the properties of particles. The width of the particle size distribution is characterized by the polydispersity index. Zeta-potential is an important indicator of the surface charge of particles and a measure of electrostatic interaction (repulsion or attraction) between particles, as well as one of the main parameters affecting the stability of dispersed systems. Liposomes with high negative or positive zeta-potential repel each other and remain monodisperse and stable, and with low zeta-potential - are able to unite, aggregate and form unstable compounds. In addition, this parameter also allows you to predict the interaction of liposomes and cells
VALIDATION OF METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION LHS-1208 IN THE LYOPHILIZED DOSAGE FORM
In order to ensure reliable and accurate results, the authors carried out the validation procedure developed technique for spectrophotometric quantification of the active substance for the lyophilized liposomal formulation of national hydrophobic antitumor compounds from the group of indolocarbazole - LHS-1208. As a result of the establishment of the specificity, linearity, range of use, accuracy and precision of a validated method may be used in the range of 80-120% concentration LHS-1208 in the dosage form
PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF LYOPHILIZED DOSAGE FORM LHS-1208 BY THIN CHROMATOGRAPHY AND A SPECTROPHOTOMETERY
The work is dedicated to the development of technology for obtaining a freeze-dried dosage form LHS-1208 and the establishment of methods of quality control of the drug. The authors have shown spectrophotometric analysis techniques and flash chromatography
COMMON METHODS INCREASING THE SOLUBILITY OF POORLY SOLUBLE HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES
There are several methods for solving the problem of an adequate dosage form for the hydrophobic and poorly soluble pharmaceutical substances which comprise a structure modification, preparation of solid dispersion systems, a change in pH, the use of cosolvents and solubilizers introduction of substances in the formulation of lipid nature and complexation. In this review, special attention is paid to the preparation of nanostructured dosage form for these classes of drugs. Are examples of drugs used successfully in clinical practice the development of which applied these methods
MODERN ONCO DRUG FOR INTERNAL USE
Despite the development of biotherapy, chemotherapy remains one of the main methods of treatment of cancer patients. Currently, there are more than 100 anticancer drug substances, however, every year new drugs enter clinical practice and various therapeutic regimens are tested, expanding the possibilities of therapy and improving the results of treatment. Therefore, the adequate use of modern chemotherapy requires constant updating of information about anticancer drugs and methods of their use. Oral administration of drugs is the most natural and convenient way to introduce drugs into the human body. There are about 75% of orally administered drugs that have the ability to be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract within 1−3 hours after administration. Oral dosage forms (DF) are most common due to the relative simplicity of their production, convenience of use, accuracy of dosing and high stability. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies often reproduce generics in the form of tablets and capsules for oral administration. However, most active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are destroyed by the action of the gastrointestinal tract environment, which makes it impossible to use the oral administration. This review of the literature describes the main groups of anticancer drugs that are effective when taken orally. The aim of the study is to compile the information on the main groups of anticancer drugs used internally. Materials and methods. The object of the study was well-known anticancer drugs approved for oral administration. The study was conducted using search information and library databases (eLibrary, PubMed, CyberLeninka, ResearchGate), as well as State Register of Medicinal Remedies. Results and discussion. Analyzing the arsenal of cytotoxic drugs, it should be noted that antitumor substances are characterized by high chemical lability they are photosensitive, heat-labile, hygroscopic and hydrolytically unstable. These properties complicate both obtaining reproducible therapeutic effect when taken orally and technological inprocesses. In addition, anticancer drugs have mutagenic, teratogenic, sensitizing and allergenic effects. Conclusion. Lack of sufficient selectivity of the antitumor effect of cytotoxic drugs and a small breadth of pharmacological action require the use of DF, ensuring control of drug delivery to the body, including dosage accuracy and standard bioavailability. DF plays a very important role in the delivery of drugs to the lesion site. Capsules and coated tablets are necessarily created to avoid high toxicity of anticancer drugs and local tissue reactions when taken orally