Comparative Efficacy Of Ancylol, Ivomec, Mebendazole And Piperazine Against Ancylostoma caninum In Experimentally Infected Pups

The efficacy and side effects of single dose treatment at different dose regimen of four anthelmintics against Ancylostoma caninum in experimentally infected pups were evaluated and compared based on total worm count and egg per gram (epg) count. Ancylol at both normal (1 mg/kg/BW) and elevated dose level (1.5 ml/kg/BW) showed 93.15 % and 93.87% (based on worm count) and 93.13 and 93.75 % (based on epgcount) respectively. Whereas Ivomec® (a brand of Ivermectin) at normal dose level (1 ml/50 kg) and elevated dose level (1.5 ml/50 kg) was found to be effective. The resuls were 79.48 % and 86.81% based on worm count and 89.44 % and 9250 % based on epg count. Mebendazoe and Pperazine even at elevated dose level was observed ineffective. Pups treated at normal and elevated dose level revealed acute toxicosis whereas those treated with Mebendazole showed cough and vomiting tendencies which later subsided and also, there was no risk involved in the adminisration of the drugs. Statistical analysis showed that there was statistical difference (P < 0.05) in the efficacy of the drugs. However there was signifcant dference (P < 0.05) between % efficacy and dosage. There was also significan difference between (P < 05) between epg count and drugs. The use of various compounds against ancylostomiasis in dogs has been discussed. Keywords:Anthelmintics, Efficacy, Ancylostoma caninum Animal Research International Vol. 3 (3) 2006 pp. 540-54

Bit error rate analysis of different digital modulation schemes in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems

This study presents the design of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system and analyses the performance of the different digital modulation techniques employed in the system. The OFDM system was modelled and different modulation schemes: M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) were employed over two different channels: additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), and Rayleigh multipath fading channels. Bit error rate (BER) analysis was carried out for the different digital modulation schemes over the two channels, and the number of fast Fourier transform (FFT) points used during the transmission was examined. Generally, results showed that over both AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels, lower order modulation schemes perform better than the higher order schemes. This comes at the detriment of the data rate, as lower order schemes have lower data rates compared with their higher order counterparts. In addition, it was observed that the system performed better over AWGN channel than Rayleigh fading channel for all modulation schemes used. On the number of FFT points used during the transmission, findings revealed that the performance of the system is more or less not really affected by the number of FFT points employed during transmission.Key words: Digital modulation, bit error rate, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, additive white Gaussian noise, modulation schemes, fast Fourier transform