The potential of solar photovoltaic systems for residential homes in Lagos city of Nigeria

The development and use of solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies worldwide is considered crucial towards fulfilling an increasing global energy demand and mitigating climate change. However, the potential of a solar PV-system is location specific, influenced by the local solar resource, energy demand and cost among other factors. The main aim of this study is to conduct a detailed assessment of the potential of solar PV-systems in residential buildings in Lagos Metropolitan Area, Nigeria. Nigeria has enormous solar energy potential, it is the most populous country in Africa and occupies a significant place in the development of Africa. Yet, it is a county with one of the lowest per capita electricity consumption in the world – at 149 kWh per capita for a population of about 170 million, about 7% of Brazil’s and 3% of South Africa’s. To achieve this goal, this study employed the survey of 150 residential buildings in three local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria to obtain electric load data. HOMER Pro was used to size the PV-systems and to determine the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The computed energy results of the study for the base case scenario revealed the PV array, lead acid battery and the converter (inverter) of the PV-systems to be in the following range: 0.3 to 76 kW; 2 to 176kWh; and 0.1 to 13.2 kW respectively. Economic analysis revealed a LCOE of the systems in the range of 0.398 USD/kWh to 0.743 USD/kWh. The use of PV-system generated electricity in the dwellings has potential for an annual reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the range of 31.24 kgCO2eq to 7456.44 kgCO2eq. Clearly, the use of solar PV systems in residential buildings possesses potentials for enabling Nigeria to attain its climate change mitigation targets indicated in her National Determined Contributions (NDCs)

Characteristics and gender differences of accident case reports in a teaching hospital in Nigeria: A four-year retrospective hospital case file analysis

To describe the characteristics and determine gender differences of accident cases reported at the Accident and Emergency Department (AED) of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria from January 1, 2013, to 31st December 2017. A descriptive retrospective study employing a systematic sampling of one-in-five patients in the AED nurses register of the UPTH. Patients' demographics, referral departments, and injury classification were extracted from the case files. Data was analysed using frequencies and Chi-square. Four hundred and forty-six patients [male (n=307, 68.8%)] were selected out of 2234 cases. The highest number of accidents (54.2%) occurred among patients aged 21- 40 years. About 67.9% were road traffic accidents (RTA), 23.4% as domestic accident and 8.7% reported as occupational accident. The highest number of accidents (n=157) occurred in 2013 and January/April (n=56 each). Accident cases were classified as head injuries (24.7%) and referred to the orthopaedic department (33.6%). A chi-square showed a significant interaction [χ2= (2) = 25.73, p<0.00001], indicating that male patients (73.6%) suffered more head injury than female (26.4%). Male patients had RTA (73.6%) and occupational accident (84.6%) than female patients. This study's findings should be treated as hypothesis-generating results, as we did not evaluate the total number of cases reported in the AED. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted with caution. There is a need to develop a more extensive population-based epidemiological study to explore the predictors of accidents reported in Nigeria's hospitals. Regardless, road traffic accidents seem to be the leading cause of accident presented at the A & E of UPTH, occurring mostly at the year's festive periods. Occupational health hazard was less reported. Efforts to reduce road traffic accident, especially during the festive periods, is highly recommended

Prevalence and patterns of post menopausal bleeding at the nnamdi azikiwe university teaching hospital nnewi nigeria - a 5 .pdf

BACKGROUNDOBJECTIVESTo determine the prevalence andpatterns of postmenopausal bleeding.Materials and methods:This was a retrospective studyconducted on all the cases ofpostmenopausal bleeding managed atNnamdi Azikiwe University TeachingHospital Nnewi between 1st January2014 and 31st December 2018. Datawas obtained from the case notesretrieved from the medical recordsdepartment and from gynecologicalward and clinic registers. Theinformation obtained included age,parity, year since menopause, history ofhypertension and diabetes mellitus,time of onset of postmenopausalbleeding, duration of bleeding, bleedingfrequency, and subjective measurementof bleeding and histological diagnosis.Data analysis was done using SPSSversion 21.Results:Out of the 1640 gynaecologicaladmissions, 53 were forpostmenopausal bleeding, giving aprevalence of 3.2% for postmenopausalbleeding. A total of 46 out of the 53case files were retrieved from medical,and were used for further analysis.Twenty-two (47.8%) were found inwomen between the ages of 55 to65years. The majority of the cases58.7% were found amongst thegrandmultipara. Majority (82.6%) of thedocumented cases, were found inwomen who have been menopausal forat least 12 months and only one casewas reported in women menopausal forless than 12 months. History ofhypertension and diabetes mellitus werefound in 11 (23.9%) and 7 (15.2%) of thewomen respectively. PMB was firstnoticed at least 6 monthspostmenopausal in 24 (52.3%).Recurrent PMB was experienced by 38(82.6 %) of the women in the studywhile 3 (6.5%) presented with a singleepisode. Subjective estimation ofbleeding revealed that 20 (43.5%) of thepatients used in the study had eitherslight or heavy bleeding. Histologicaldiagnosis showed that squamous cellcarcinoma of the cervix and otherhistological types of cervicalmalignancies accounted for 12 (26.1%)and 7 (15.2%) of all histologicaldiagnoses, respectively.Conclusion:In conclusion, PMB is a commongynecological presentation in ourenvironment. It is closely associatedwith diabetes mellitus and hypertensionwith the leading cause in our climesbeing cervical malignancy which islargely preventable. Therefore, healthpolicies should be targeted towardsmedical education, lifestyl

Burnt out benign splenic cyst mimicking intra-abdominal malignancy - case report and review of literature.pdf

The spleen performs important immunological function. Benign cysts, neoplasms and abscesses are identifiable cystic lesions of the spleen. Splenic cysts are very rare, and consist of Type 1 (parasitic) and Type 11 (non-parasitic) cysts. Very few cases of huge splenic cysts have been reported in literature. The most common symptoms are due to pressure effects on contiguous organs, causing pain, abdominal swelling and change in bowel habit. Management of these splenic cysts iscontroversial. Indications for surgical intervention, include symptomatic or large diameter cysts (>5cm). We report a 57 year old lady with an 18 year history of recurrent left abdominal pain, progressive weight loss, easy satiety, and recurrent low grade fever. She neither had change in bowel habit, nor haematuria. Therewas no history of abdominal trauma. On physical examination, there was a left hypochondriac swelling, extending to the midline of the abdomen. She has been transfusedseverally in the past on account of recurrent anaemia. Ultrasound revealed multiple well circumscribed oval and rounded cysts of the spleen. Her haemoglobin level at presentation was 6g/dl. She had neutrophilia. She subsequently underwent total splenectomy with good surgical outcome