Corrigendum to: Comparative analyses of three radiographic dental age estimation methods amongst Nigerians

In the article, Comparative Analyses of three Radiographic Dental Age Estimation Methods Amongst Nigerians which appeared in the pages 403-412, issue 4, Vol. 28 of the Nigerian Journal of Medicine, We acknowledge the support of Dr O. Sigbeku and other faculties in the Department of Oral Pathology of the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan towards accomplishment of this work. REFERENCE1. Olaopa O. I, Gbolahan O. O, Okoje V. N, Mellikam S., Oyelaran P.O. Comparative Analyses of Three Radiographic Dental Age Estimation Methods Amongst Nigerians. Niger JMed2019 : 403-412 18

Corrigendum to- Benign: Breast disease pattern and prevalence in Calabar: A 5 year histopathologic review

In the article, “Benign Breast Disease Pattern and Prevalence in Calabar : A 5 Year Histopathologic Review”, which appeared in the pages 320-322, issue 3, Vol. 28 of the Nigerian Journal of Medicine, the authors noted, the article was published as a Review Article instead of Original Article. REFERENCE1. Ukweh O N, Okeke C M, Ukweh I H, Ekanem I A.Benign Breast Disease Pattern and Prevalence in Calabar : A 5 Year Histopathologic Review.NigerJMed2019:320-32

Corrigendum to: Medical Law: Exploring Doctors' Knowledge on the Laws Regulating Clinical and Medical Laboratories in Nigeria.

Background: The Nigerian medical law is the embodiment of laws concerning the rights and responsibilities of medical professionals and their patients. It focuses on confidentiality, negligence, medical malpractice, ethics and criminal law.1 ,2 All medical professions (both core medical professions and allied health professions) in Nigeria are established by the Acts of parliament.3 Examples of such Acts are: Community Health Practitioners Act, Dangerous Drug Act, Medical Rehabilitation Act, Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigerian (MLSCN) Act, Medical and Dental Practitioners Act (MPA), Nursing and Midwifery Act, Pharmacist Council of Nigerian Act and Radiographers Act. For the purpose of this research our focus would be limited to MLSCN and MP Acts. The Acts of law in Nigeria is enshrined in her constitution which is a binding force on the authorities and people throughout the country to ensure peace, order and good operational governance.4 It gives an institution or profession a legal right to be established and operate in Nigeria.3 The Acts also serve as guidelines for the job roles of every profession, institution and establishment to prevent inter-professional conflicts.5 According to MLSCN Act, the laboratory where the Medical Laboratory Scientist carries out their specified analysis is known as Medical Laboratory. The Medical Laboratory is under the regulation of the Medical Laboratory Council of Nigeria. The job specification of the medical laboratory as clearly spelt out on section 29 of the MLSCN Act, is for production, sales, importation and storage of medical laboratory reagents and production of diagnostic devices.6 The Medical and Dental Practitioner Act identifies and defines the laboratory for diagnosis of diseases as Clinical laboratory. This means that the hospital laboratories where testing of patients' sample is carried out is the clinical laboratory. The laboratory physicians (pathologists) are responsible for all tests carried out in the clinical laboratory. The Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria has the sole responsibility for the regulation of the clinical laboratory. Materials and Method: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. A sample size calculated was 216 using the Leslie Kish formula

Intensive Care Management of Multi‐Systemic Complications Following Major Postpartum Haemorrhage in a Resource‐Limited Setting: A Case Report

Postpartum hemorrhage with its attendant systemic complications can pose a challenge in the developing world, resulting in morbidity and mortality. We present a case of an unbooked 38-year-old para-3 woman, who had elective Cesarean section at term on account of placenta praevia type IV under spinal anesthesia in a private facility. She developed major obstetric hemorrhage that necessitated massive blood transfusion and emergency hysterectomy. She was managed in the intensive care unit for 43 days and remained unconscious for 35 days. She developed many systemic complications that necessitated a multi-disciplinary management with a favorable outcome. She was transferred to the general ward where she spent 30 days before she was discharged home in a satisfactory condition

Review of COVID‑19 Vaccine

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) accounts for over 92 million confirmed cases worldwide, with over 2.06 million deaths. In the past year, more than 290 candidate vaccines have been tested; COVID‑19 vaccine  development was sped up, with shortened timeline, due to the urgent global need in the face of the pandemic. In addition, people with the highest risk of contracting the disease, such as health workers with a high risk of exposure, elderlies, and people with underlying comorbidities, were prioritized with vaccination rollout. The article narratively reviewed original and review articles available on PubMed and Google Scholar related to the theme to provide up‑to‑date information. The different templates developed and studied for COVID‑19 vaccines include the whole‑virus vaccine, viral vector vaccine, nucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid), and protein subunit vaccine. Myths impede vaccine uptake in this part of the globe. Adopting these myths leads to sharing and spreading, which negatively impacts the prevention of COVID‑19 and vaccine uptake. Adverse event following immunizations (AEFIs) is classified based on severity, from minor to severe. The minor ones are common events that pose no potential health risks to the receiver of the vaccine. The type determines the safety profile, severity, and frequency of AEFIs observed with the vaccine administration. Overall, this pandemichas heightened the global level of threat awareness; it has also provided motivation to prepare for future  pandemics by developing new vaccines

Assessing Research Engagement of Resident Doctors in Training in Northwestern Nigeria

Background: Residency training develops trainees to practice evidence-based medicine using knowledge acquired through researches. Resident doctors are not just expected to be consumers of good researches but are also expected to build their competencies in conducting researches in their fields of specialization. They are expected to engage in journal clubs as well as scientific paper presentations in local and international conferences under the mentorship and guidance of their trainers. In addition, trainers in residency training supervise the compulsory dissertation of senior residents under them. Objectives: We aimed to assess research engagement of resident doctors in training and pattern of submission and approval of their dissertation proposal. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive study involving resident doctors in accredited hospitals in Northwestern Nigeria. Electronic questionnaires were distributed to respondents via their verified electronic media contacts. Data were collected within a period of 1 month from July 10 to August 6, 2020. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, simple tables as well as Z‐test and Chi‐square test. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for decision purposes. Results: A total of 120 questionnaires were completed. The mean age of respondents was 38.0 ± 3.8 years, with majority being males 88 (83.3%), and 107 (89.2%) being married. Only 12 (10%) and 44 (36.7%) respondents had published manuscript before and since commencement of residency training, respectively. There was a significant difference between manuscript publication before and since commencement of residency training (P = 0.012). Only 32% of the respondents who submitted their dissertation proposal to the colleges did so within 12 months of success in their Part 1 fellowship examination. There was no association between the publication of manuscript during residency training and submission of dissertation to either National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (P = 0.190), West African College of Surgeons (P = 0.686), or West African College of Physicians (P = 0.317). Conclusion: Research engagement by resident doctors from this study was not satisfactory. Publication of manuscript by resident doctors was associated with prior publication before commencement of residency training and type of training hospital

Assessing Performance of Resident Doctors in Training in Northwestern Nigeria

Background: Residency training is a postgraduate medical education where graduate doctors are mentored toward becoming   independent specialists. In Nigeria currently, the Medical Residency Training Act (MRTA) 2017 guides residency training under the regulation of three postgraduate medical colleges: the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (NPMCN), West African College of Surgeons (WACS), and West African College of Physicians (WACP). For the respective colleges, resident doctors are expected to attempt Part One and Part Two fellowship examinations after completing their junior and senior residency training, respectively, within stipulated durations. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess resident doctors’ performance in training and predictive factors. Methodology: Electronic  questionnaires was distributed to respondents through their contacts or emails. Data was collected within a period of one month, from July 10 to August 6, 2020. Data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, simple tables as well as t‑test and Chi‑square test. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for decision purposes. Results: A total of 120 participants were involved in the study. The mean age of respondents was 38.0 ± 3.8 years, with a majority of 88 (83.3%) males and 107 (89.2%) married. On the first attempt, 48 (65.8%), 37 (60.6%), and 15 (57.7%) respondents were successful in NPMCN, WACS, and WACP Part One fellowship  examinations, respectively. There was no significant difference in the success in Part One between the three postgraduate medical  colleges. There was significant difference in the duration between the first attempt and success in Part One examinations for the three colleges, respectively (NPMCN – P = 0.001, WACS – P < 0.001, WACP – P = 0.036). Conclusion: There was a comparable success in Part One fellowship examination between the three postgraduate medical colleges, with over half of respondents recording success in their first attempt. However, there were significant delays between the first attempt and  success in Part One examination for the three postgraduate medical colleges. Keywords: Part One examination, performance, residency trainin

Challenges of Residency Training and Early Career Doctors in Nigeria Phase II: Update on Objectives, Design, and Rationale of Study

Background: Early career doctors (ECDs) are a dynamic and highly mobile group of medical and dental practitioners who form a significant proportion of the health workforce in Nigeria. The challenges of residency training and ECDs in Nigeria CHARTING Phase I study explored limited challenges affecting ECDs under the broad themes of demography, workplace issues, and psychosocial issues. The CHARTING II was expanded to provide wider insight into the challenges of ECDs in Nigeria. Objective: This protocol aims to provide clear objectives including description of objectives, design, and rationale for the conduct of the proposed CHARTING II study which seeks to explore other components under the various themes of demographic, workplace, psychosocial issues affecting the ECDs in Nigeria, and which were not explored under CHARTING I.   Methodology: This shall be a mixed study design that will combine qualitative and quantitative methods, to investigate 27 subthemes among 2000 ECDs spread across 31 centers, accredited by the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors. Participants shall be selected using the multistage sampling method. The primary data will be generated using structured proforma and validated questionnaires,while administrative sources would serve as a source of secondary data. Data will be entered and analyzed using appropriate statisticalsoftware. Conclusion: CHARTING II study would provide more robust data and insight into the problems encountered by ECDs in Nigeria. This would in turn build a platform for institutional engagement and advocacy in order to drive relevant policies to mitigate these challenges. Keywords: Early career doctors, Nigeria, residency, resident doctors, trainin

Erratum: Giant Communicating Hydrocele in a 36-year-old Nigerian Man

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Erratum: Emphysematous Pyelonephritis in a Type II Diabetic Woman

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