ガクシュウシャ ハ ドノヨウナ ゲンゴ シンリ カテイ ヲ ヘテ ゲンゴ カツドウ ニ ジュウジ シテイルノカ ジコ ヒョウゲン カツドウ チュウシン ノ ニホンゴ ガクシュウ ノ バアイ

本稿では、SMTアプローチによる日本語教育実践において、日本語の基礎を習得していく過程で、学習者がどのような言語心理過程を経て日本語による自身の声を獲得していくのかということを口頭モードと書記モードの両面から明らかにすることを目的とし、調査を行った。その結果、学習者はマスターテクストを十分に学習し理解することにより、①テーマについての自身に必要な核となる語紫は「母語を介することのないことば」となり学習の早い段階から学習者の記憶に深く刻まれており、日本語表現を行う際の基盤となっていること、②基盤的用法を一定程度身につけることにより、学習者はこれらを「分解Jし『組み立て直すJことを行っていること、③この背景には、複数のマスターテクストを相互連関的に流用していることが、口頭モード及び書記モードに共通する特徴として学習者の心理に内在することが明らかとなった

Rewarming Machine Perfusion System for Liver Transplantation

The liver is one of the most essential organs, and transplantation is an established treatment for patients with end-stage disease who have lost their liver function. However, organ shortage is a critical problem in transplantation; thus, the development of an innovative preservation system to adopt critical grafts obtained from extended criteria donors or donation after cardiac death donors as viable organs for transplantation is necessary. We recently developed a novel rewarming machine perfusion preservation system for liver transplantation, and herein discuss this system, which allows the perfusion temperature to be controlled during the transition from hypothermic to subnormothermic conditions. This system has two functions: (1) the preservation and recovery of organ function and (2) screening the organ for viability. To achieve these functions, this system has three features: (1) temperature control of the preservation perfusate and liver graft, (2) dualcontrolled perfusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery, and (3) real-time monitoring of the perfusion conditions, including the flow rate, perfusion pressure and temperature. This system was useful for liver preservation and for evaluating the graft viability and recovery of functions during machine perfusion before transplantation. This novel rewarming machine preservation system was tested in an experimental model using porcine liver grafts. We report that this system has certain advantages in liver preservation, and believe that this system will positively contribute to the expansion of the organ donor pool

The Differences in the Flavan-3-ol and Procyanidin Contents of the Japanese ‘Fuji’ and ‘Orin’ Apples Using a Rapid Quantitative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method: Estimation of the Japanese Intake of Flavan-3-ols and Procyanidins from Apple as Case Study

Previously, we reported that apple polyphenols and their major active compounds, the flavan-3-ols and the procyanidins, can result in various health benefits in animals and humans, according to clinical studies. Here, we developed a rapid method for quantifying flavan-3-ols and procyanidins using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, where we investigated the amounts of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in the Japanese major apple production centre, the Aomori Prefecture, from 2016 to 2018. The non-bagged ‘Fuji (n = 609)’, the bagged ‘Fuji (n = 1101)’, and the ‘Orin (n = 504)’ apples were evaluated in terms of their differences in flavan-3-ols and procyanidins based on apple variety and the controlled atmosphere storage. The bagging treatments of the ‘Fuji’ apples resulted in significantly higher concentrations of procyanidins, while changes in flavan-3-ols concentrations were not clearly observed by treatment. In addition, ‘Orin’ had a significantly higher concentration of procyanidins than that of ‘Fuji’. In contrast, the controlled atmosphere storage hardly caused any changes in the flavan-3-ol and procyanidin contents. Hence, we present the concentrations of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in major Japanese apples using the rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection