Organizational Socialization and Its Relation with Organizational Performance in High Schools

This study is designed to explore organizational socialization and organizational performance levels of secondary school teachers and the relation between the two variables mentioned. The study is designed as correlational research. The target population of the research consists of 5744 teachers who work in public and private Anatolian high schools in the center of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. Using the stratified sampling technique, 650 participant teachers have been included in the sample. This study has revealed that the participants are relatively more socialized in the organizational socialization language factor, which is followed by socialization levels in the following factors: performance proficiency, people, history, organizational goals and values, and politics. The socialization levels of teachers indicate significant differences in the history and language factors according to gender. In all the factors, the participant private school teachers are found to be more socialized than the public school teachers. Their organizational performance levels significantly vary according to gender and type of school. The performance of teachers in private schools is relatively higher than that of those in public schools. There is a significant, moderate positive relation between organizational socialization and organizational performance

The use of dornase alpha for post-operative pulmonary atelectasis after congenital heart surgery

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of dornase alpha, a mucolytic agent, in children who developed pulmonary atelectasis after congenital heart surgery. Design: Retrospective case-control study. Setting: Paediatric cardiac intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital. Patients: Between July, 2011 and July, 2012, 41 patients who underwent congenital cardiac operations and developed post-operative pulmonary atelectasis that was resistant to conventional treatment and chest physiotherapy. Interventions: In all, 26 patients received dornase alpha treatment. As a control group, 15 patients were treated with conventional medications and chest physiotherapy. Main results: The median age of patients was 25.5 (3-480) days in the study group and 50.0 (3-480) days in the control group. A total of 15 (57.6%) patients in the study group and 8 (53.3%) patients in the control group were male. The median weight was 4.2 (2.9-14.2) kg and 4.0 (3.5-13.6) kg in the study and control group, respectively. In the study group, pulmonary atelectasis was diagnosed at a median period of 5 (2-18) days after operations, whereas in the control group atelectasis was diagnosed at a median period of post-operative 6 (3-19) days. In the study group, the median atelectasis score decreased from 3.4 (1-6) to 0.8 (0-3) (p = 0.001). The median pO(2) level increased from 69 (17-142) mmHg to 89 (30-168) mmHg (p = 0.04). In addition, heart rate and respiratory rate per minute were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in these parameters in the control group. Conclusions: The use of dornase alpha can be effective for the management of pulmonary atelectasis that develops following congenital heart surgery

Risk factors for community-acquired urinary tract infection caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in children

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors of antimicrobial resistance in children with urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria

Cerebral Perfusion During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children: Correlations Between Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Temperature, Lactate, Pump Flow, and Blood Pressure

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive modality to monitor regional brain oxygenation (rSO2). In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between cerebral rSO2 and lactate, pump flow, hematocrit, pCO2, and mean blood pressure (MBP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Between March and September 2011, 50 pediatric patients who underwent congenital heart surgery were enrolled into the study. Ages ranged from 6 days to 168 months (median 14 months). A NIRS sensor (Somanetics 5100B, Troy, MI, USA) was placed on the right forehead of patients. CPB period was divided into five stages: 1at the beginning of CBP, 2cooling at 32 degrees C, 3at final hypothermic temperature, 4rewarming at 32 degrees C, 5before weaning from CPB. Data collection included measurements of each parameter at five stages of CPB. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis within groups and Spearman's correlation to test association between parameters. Lactate levels increased significantly from stage 1 to stage 5 during CPB (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between cerebral rSO2 and MBPs, pump flows, hematocrit, or pCO2 during CPB. Cerebral rSO2 levels showed changes between the stages; there was a significant increase during cooling period, compared to stage 1 (P<0.05). Significant changes during cooling stage did not happen for other parameters. At stage 3, there was a negative correlation between lactate level and MBP. At stage 4, there was no significant change in cerebral rSO2 levels despite decreased MBP. At the warming stage, low MBPs, but normal rSO2 values, are observed despite increased pump flows. Increased rSO2 levels despite insignificant changes at other parameters during the cooling stage of CPB may show that optimal pump flow with adequate intravascular volume may provide effective cerebral perfusion even without changes in MBP. Considering normal rSO2 values during CPB in this study, it may be speculated that brain protection can be assessed by using NIRS and applying a standard bypass protocol

Comparison of trace element levels after cardiopulmonary bypass between cyanotic and acyanotic patients

Trace elements are essential micronutrients for the human body. In this study, we evaluated the alterations in copper, chromium, manganese, selenium, magnesium, zinc, iron, arsenic, boron, and silicon levels in children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Participants were divided into the following three groups: patients acyanotic CHDs (n = 34), patients with cyanotic CHDs (n = 30), and healthy controls (n = 30). Blood samples were collected before the surgery and 1 hour after the sternum was closed. Serum trace elements were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer-ICAP 6000. The baseline serum arsenic, manganese, and zinc levels of both patient groups were lower compared with controls, but there was no significant difference between baseline serum trace element levels of cyanotic and acyanotic patients. In both the patient groups, there was a significant decrease in postoperative serum arsenic, boron, copper, and zinc levels, and a significant increase in postoperative serum iron and magnesium levels. Silicon levels increased in cyanotic patients. Alterations in trace element levels were in the same direction in cyanotic and acyanotic patients. Copper, zinc, and manganase replacement may be needed after on-pump cardiac surgery