Prototype of a Low-Cost Electronic Platform for Real Time Greenhouse Environment Monitoring: An Agriculture 4.0 Perspective

The Internet of Things has a high impact on upgrade and transformation of the traditional greenhouse agricultural techniques. It is necessary to control the environmental factors for obtaining the optimum growth conditions for the crop and extend the production season to get the optimum yield. These aspects are fundamental for Agriculture 4.0, that uses technology not simply for the sake of innovation but to improve and address the real needs of consumers. In this paper, a prototype of a low-cost electronic platform for real time greenhouse environment monitoring has been designed, developed and built. The prototype has been developed with the purpose of firmware and software prototyping, in order to make the most of device performances. The electronic board is composed by a Main Board, a Green House Core, aWi-Fi Module, a RS485 Module, an Analog-to-Digital Converter Module and a USB Module. The system permits to collect data by external sensors, elaborate and send them to external devices as laptop, smartphone and internet gateway, using both wired and wireless connection. These data concern to main greenhouse environmental parameters, such as air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, air velocity and CO2 concentration. AWeb application has been implemented to allow users a consultation of greenhouse environmental state in a simple and fast way

Studio preliminare per la progettazione di un sistema RADAR per la rilevazione degli APR nell’ambito del progetto cluster top-down RADARDRONE

Lo scopo di questo rapporto interno è di illustrare lo studio preliminare effettuato nel biennio 2019-2020 per la progettazione di un sistema RADAR per la rilevazione degli APR (Aeromobili a Pilotaggio Remoto) nell’ambito del progetto RADARDRONE. RADARDRONE è la denominazione di un progetto cluster top down che intende mettere a sistema le competenze, conoscenze ed esperienze nel campo della Ricerca Tecnologica possedute dall’OAC (Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari), dal DIEE (Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica ed Elettronica) dell’Università degli Studi di Cagliari e dalla compagine di aziende ed organizzazioni altamente innovative facenti parte del cluster

GAIA,Progettazione, realizzazione e caratterizzazione della GAIA Board

GAIA,Progettazione, realizzazione e caratterizzazione della GAIA Board. In questo report viene illustrata la GAIA board implementata per fornire e monitorare il BIAS degli LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) installati nei ricevitore radioastronomici

Design of Power Stage of INAF GAIA Board for biasing of AETHRA WP1 downconverter

The GAIA digital board developed by INAF was designed to bias up to ten stages of cryogenic low noise amplifiers (LNAs) and to deliver a maximum drain current Idmax50 mA with a drain voltage Vdmax5 V for each of them. The GAIA board monitors and controls each of the stages independently. However, such board cannot be employed to monitor and control the AETHRA WP1 75-116 GHz downconverter module as the power amplifiers of the fully-integrated MMIC developed at IAF, integrated into the downconverter module, require current values of up to 300 mA each, that is six times greater than what GAIA can deliver. Therefore, a power stage of the GAIA board has to be developed to comply with the high-current bias requirements of the AETHRA WP1 downconverter. Here, we describe the design of the power stage of the GAIA board, named PSG (Power Stage Gaia). The PSG is a four-layer digital bias board, to be connected in series with GAIA, capable of delivering up to 10 × high-current stages. One GAIA board is used to monitor and control one PSG board. The latter is an extension of GAIA and cannot be used independently of it. Therefore, one GAIA board plus one PSG board must be used in conjunction to monitor and control up to 10 high-current stages of the AETHRA WP1 downconverter. The version 1.2 of the GAIA board, developed for biasing, monitoring and controlling of the LNAs, cannot be used in conjunction with the PSG but requires a small modification to allow data interchange between the two boards. A new GAIA board, version 1.5, must be used in conjunction with the PSG

Progettazione e realizzazione di due unità RADAR modulari per il rilevamento di Aeromobili a Pilotaggio Remoto (APR) nell’ambito del progetto cluster Top-Down RADARDRONE.

Lo scopo di questo rapporto interno è quello di descrivere la progettazione e la realizzazione di due prototipi di unità radar volti al rilevamento degli APR (Aeromobili a Pilotaggio Remoto), realizzati nell’ambito del progetto cluster top-down RADARDRONE e la successiva attività sperimentale condotta. RADARDRONE è la denominazione di un progetto cluster top-down che mette a sistema le competenze ed esperienze nel campo della ricerca tecnologica possedute dall’OAC (Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari), dal DIEE (Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica ed Elettronica) dell’Università degli Studi di Cagliari e dalla compagine di aziende ed organizzazioni altamente innovative facenti parte del cluster. L’obiettivo principale del progetto è lo sviluppo di piccoli RADAR modulari, facilmente installabili, per il monitoraggio e la sicurezza delle aree critiche (per esempio aeroporti, porti, stadi di calcio, zone dove si svolgono grandi assembramenti di persone) o obiettivi sensibili al fine di fronteggiare eventuali intrusioni non autorizzate

Adaptation of an IRAM W-Band SIS Receiver to the INAF Sardinia Radio Telescope: A Feasibility Study and Preliminary Tests

Radio telescopes are used by astronomers to observe the naturally occurring radio waves generated by planets, interstellar molecular clouds, galaxies, and other cosmic objects. These telescopes are equipped with radio receivers that cover a portion of the radio frequency (RF) and millimetre-wave spectra. The Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) is an Italian instrument designed to operate between 300 MHz and 116 GHz. Currently, the SRT maximum observational frequency is 26.5 GHz. A feasibility study and preliminary tests were performed with the goal of equipping the SRT with a W-band (84–116 GHz) mono-feed radio receiver, whose results are presented in this paper. In particular, we describe the adaptation to the SRT of an 84–116 GHz cryogenic receiver developed by the Institute de Radio Astronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) for the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) antennas. The receiver was upgraded by INAF with a new electronic control system for the remote control from the SRT control room, with a new local oscillator (LO), and with a new refrigeration system. Our feasibility study includes the design of new receiver optics. The single side band (SSB) receiver noise temperature measured in the laboratory, Trec ≈ 66 K at 86 GHz, is considered sufficiently low to carry out the characterisation of the SRT active surface and metrology system in the 3 mm band

The control system of the 3 mm band SIS receiver for the Sardinia Radio Telescope

We present the control system of the 84-116 GHz (3 mm band) Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) heterodyne receiver to be installed at the Gregorian focus of the Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT). The control system is based on a single-board computer from Raspberry, on microcontrollers from Arduino, and on a Python program for communication between the receiver and the SRT antenna control software, which remotely controls the backshorttuned SIS mixer, the receiver calibration system and the Local Oscillator (LO) system

Preliminary Characterization of the Digitally Formed Beams of PHAROS2 Phased Array Feed

We describe the beamforming strategy and the preliminary laboratory characterization results of the beam pattern synthesized by the PHAROS2 Phased Array Feed (PAF), a 4-8 GHz PAF with digital beamformer for radio astronomy application. The PAF is based on an array of 10×11 dual-polarization Vivaldi antennas cryogenically cooled at 20 K along with low noise amplification modules (LNAs) cascaded with a multi-channel Warm Section (WS) receiver. We present the beamforming and test procedures used to, respectively digitally synthesize and characterize the PHAROS2 antenna array beam pattern at 6 GHz. The tests of the array were carried out at room temperature by directly connecting 24 antenna elements to the WS and iTPM digital beamformer in a laboratory measurement setup

Feasibility Study of a W-Band Multibeam Heterodyne Receiver for the Gregorian Focus of the Sardinia Radio Telescope

We report on the feasibility study of a W-band multibeam heterodyne receiver for the Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT), a general purpose fully steerable 64-m diameter antenna located on the Sardinia island, Italy, managed by INAF ('Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica,' Italy). The W-band front-end is designed for the telescope Gregorian focal plane and will detect both continuum and molecular spectral lines from astronomical sources and radio emission from the Sun in the 3 mm atmospheric window. The goal specification of the receiver is a $4\times 4$ focal plane array operating in dual-linear polarization with a front-end consisting of feed-horns placed in cascade with waveguide Orthomode Transducers (OMTs) and LNAs (Low Noise Amplifiers) cryogenically cooled at $\approx$ 20 K. The instantaneous FoV (Field of View) of the telescope is limited by the shaping of the 64-m primary and 7.9-m secondary mirrors. The cryogenic modules are designed to fit in the usable area of the focal plane and provide high-quality beam patterns with high antenna efficiency across the 70 - 116 GHz Radio Frequency (RF) band. The FoV covered by the $4\times 4$ array is $2.15\times 2.15$ arcmin2, unfilled, with separation between contiguous elements of 43 arcsec. Dual-sideband separation (2SB) down-conversion mixers are designed to be placed at the cryostat output and arranged in four four-pixel down-conversion modules with 4 - 12 GHz Intermediate Frequency (IF) bands (both Upper Side Band and Lower Side Band selectable for any pixel and polarization). The receiver utilizes a mechanical derotator to track the parallactic angle