In vivo pharmacological evaluations of novel olanzapine analogues in rats: a potential new avenue for the treatment of schizophrenia

Olanzapine (Olz) is one of the most effective antipsychotic drugs commonly used for treating schizophrenia. Unfortunately, Olz administration is associated with severe weight gain and metabolic disturbances. Both patients and clinicians are highly interested in the development of new antipsychotics which are as effective as atypical antipsychotics but which have a lower propensity to induce metabolic side effects. In the present study, we examined two new derivatives of Olz; OlzEt (2-ethyl-4-(4′-methylpiperazin-1′-yl)-10Hbenzo[b]thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepine), and OlzHomo (2-ethyl-4-(4′-methyl-1′,4′-diazepan-1′-yl)-10H-benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine), for their tendency to induce weight gain in rats. Weight gain and metabolic changes were measured in female Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were treated orally with Olz, OlzEt, OlzHomo (3 or 6 mg/kg/day), or vehicle (n = 8), three times daily at eight-hour intervals for 5 weeks. Furthermore, a phencyclidine (PCP)-treated rat model was used to examine the prevention of PCP-induced hyperlocomotor activity relevant for schizophrenia therapy. Male Sprague Dawley rats were pre-treated with a single dose (3 mg/kg/day) of Olz, OlzEt, OlzHomo, or vehicle (n = 12), for 2 weeks. Locomotor activity was recorded following a subcutaneous injection with either saline or PCP (10 mg/kg). Olz was found to induce weight gain, hyperphagia, visceral fat accumulation, and metabolic changes associated with reduced histamatergic H1 receptor density in the hypothalamus of treated rats. In contrast, OlzEt and OlzHomo presented promising antipsychotic effects, which did not induce weight gain or fat deposition in the treated animals. Behavioural analysis showed OlzEt to attenuate PCP-induced hyperactivity to a level similar to that of Olz; however, OlzHomo showed a lower propensity to inhibit these stereotyped behaviours. Our data suggest that the therapeutic effectiveness of OlzHomo may be delivered at a higher dose than that of Olz and OlzEt. Overall, OlzEt and OlzHomo may offer a better pharmacological profile than Olz for treating patients with schizophrenia. Clinical trials are needed to test this hypothesis

SETHI: The Flying Lab

This paper presents the new-generation test bench SETHI, developed by ONERA, the French Aerospace Lab. SETHI is a medium range platform dedicated to environmental, scientific and security applications. The first part of this paper describes the system architecture, the development state and the future capabilities. A set of recent significant results are presented: these results cover various applications, such as high spatial resolution imaging, change detection between two acquisitions, biomass measurement in the rain forest, bistatic imaging and innovative measurements, such as air-to-air imaging or circular imaging

Disparity estimation for high resolution stereoscopic reconstruction using the GNC approach

Communication to : international conference on image processing (ICIP'98), Chicago (USA), October 4-7, 1998SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.1998 n.206 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

3D extraction from interferometric high resolution SAR images using the RAMSES sensor

Communication to : 3rd European symposium on synthetic aperture radar (EUSAR'2000), Munchen (Germany), May 23-25, 2000SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.2000 n.128 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Potentiality of high resolution SAR images for radargrammetric applications

CEOS'99, Toulouse (France), October 26-29, 1999SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.1999 n.192 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

3D extraction from airbone SAR imagery

Communication to : EUROPTO 99, Florence (Italy), September 20-24, 1999Available from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.1999 n.193 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc