Ethnic and Communal Clashes in Nigeria: The Case of the Sagamu 1999 Hausa-Yoruba Conflict

The Yoruba and the Hausas are among the largest, politically active and commercially inclined ethnic groups in Nigeria. While the Hausas live in the north of the country, the Yoruba dwell in the south western part. The trade in cattle and kola nut brought many Hausas to settle in the Remo-Yoruba town of Sagamu. Over the years, this trade became an avenue for both ethnic groups to develop a cordial and an harmonious relationship until the conflict of July 1999 which brought about far reaching impact not only on the town of Sagamu but also on the hitherto existing peaceful relationship between the two ethnic groups. Indeed, some of the effects of the conflict have remained till today. This paper attempts a historical analysis of the Hausa/Yoruba conflict. It examines the causes of the conflict and discusses its character and nature. Unlike previous studies on the subject of conflict and ethnicity, this paper brings out the central importance of culture in the inter-relationship between two ethnic groups in Nigeria. It shows that the failure to respect the culture of one ethnic group by the other was the root cause of the Yoruba/Hausa conflict.Keywords: Nigeria, Ethnic, Conflict, Hausa, Yorub

Communal and Ethnic Clashes in Nigeria: The Case of the Sagamu 1999 Hausa-Yoruba Conflict

The Yoruba and the Hausa are among the largest, politically active and commercially inclined ethnic groups in Nigeria. While the Hausa live in the north of the country, the Yoruba dwell in the south western part. The trade in cattle and kola nuts brought many Hausa to settle in the Remo-Yoruba town of Sagamu. Over the years, this trade became an avenue for both ethnic groups to develop a cordial and harmonious relationship until the crisis of July 1999 broke out, bringing about a far reaching impact not only on the town of Sagamu but also on the hitherto existing peaceful relationship between the two ethnic groups. Indeed, some of the effects of the conflict have remained till today. This paper is an historical analysis of the Hausa/Yoruba conflict. It examines the causes of the conflict and discusses its character and nature. Unlike previous studies on the subject of conflict and ethnicity, this paper brings out the central importance of culture in the inter-relationship between two ethnic groups in Nigeria. It shows that the failure to respect the culture of one ethnic group by the other was the root cause of the Yoruba/Hausa conflict

The development of roads and road transportation in South-Western Nigeria, 1906-1920

No Abstract. The Nigerian Journal of Economic History Vol. 4 2001: 14-2

Road Transportation, Agriculture and Trade in Western Nigeria after World War II

This paper examines the role and impact of road transportation on the economy of southwestern Nigeria after World War II. The focus is on how road transportation promoted agriculture and trade. The study of the postWorld War II period is important because it enables us to examine two crucial elements in the economic history of Nigeria. On the one hand is thepursuit of British colonial economic interests and on the other is the nationalist agenda in the era of transition to self rule. The post World War II period is divided into two phases: the first, from 1945 to 1952, covers the period of British administration of the Western region of Nigeria. Duringthis period, the colonial government used road transportation as a means of pursuing her economic interests in Nigeria. This, of course, had been the pattern of colonial rule since its inauguration in Nigeria at the beginning of the century. The second phase runs from 1952 to independence in 1960. This was the era of the first indigenous government in the Western region. From that date, the history of road transportation in Nigeria took a new turn. Indeed, compared to the pre 1952 era when road transportation was used to further colonial interests, the indigenous government began to take concrete steps to transform the economy of the region and uplift the living conditions of the people. In the pursuit of this, government used road transportation as an instrument to bring about the desired social and economic transformation

Road Transportation and the Economy of South-Western Nigeria, 1920-1939

No Abstract Available Lagos Historical Review Vol.2 2002: 106-12

Hypoglycaemic And Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities Of Fermented Seeds Of Parkia Biglobosa (Jacq) Benth

Following our continuing search for plant anti-diabetic agents, we report results of a bioactivity-guided fractionation of fermented seeds of Parkiabiglobosa used in ethnomedicine in South West Nigeria to manage diabetes mellitus. An active aqueous MeOH macerate was separated by solvent partition and the bioactive CHCl3 extract fractionated on column chromatography packed with silica gel G60A, eluting with gradient mixtures of Pet ether, EtOAC and MeOH.Biologically monitored separation of extracts was achieved using alloxan-diabetic rats, glucose loading (1g/kg) and alpha-amylase inhibition assays as basis for identification of active constituent. Peak reduction (48.5%,

Severity of motorcycle crashes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Objective: Motorcycles are a common mode of transportation in low- and middle-income countries. Tanzania, in particular, has experienced an increased use of motorcycles in the last decade. In Dar es Salaam, motorcycles provide door-to-door travel and often operate where more conventional services are uneconomical or physically impossible to maneuver. Although motorcycles play a crucial role in improving mobility in the city, they have several safety issues. This study focuses on identifying factors influencing the severity of motorcycle crashes. Method: A multinomial logit analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing the severity of motorcycle crashes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The severity categories were fatal, severe injury, minor injury, and property damage only (PDO). The analysis was based on a total of 784 motorcycle crashes that occurred from 2013 to 2016. Results: The following factors were found to increase the probability of a fatality: Speeding, driving under the influence, head-on impact, presence of horizontal curves, reckless riding, off-peak hours, violations, and riding without a helmet. The results indicate that crashes occurring on weekdays, during peak hours, at intersections, involving a rear-end impact, in daylight, on street roads, and under clear weather conditions decrease the probability of a fatality. However, minor injury and PDO crashes were found to be associated with crashes occurring during peak hours, at intersections, and on street roads, as well as failure to yield right-of-way. Conclusions: Several countermeasures are recommended based on the study findings. The recommended countermeasures focus on the holistic safety improvement strategies constituting the three Es of highway safety, namely, engineering, education, and enforcement