三叉神経におけるカプサイシン刺激時の非コード領域における遺伝子発現動態

本研究では、カプサイシン刺激による三叉神経節内の遺伝子発現変動について、特にイントロン領域から転写されるnoncoding RNAに注目し、検討を行った。マイクロアレイによる解析では、カプサイシン刺激により24種の配列に発現上昇が認められた。また、これら全てのRNA発現がRT-PCRにより確認された。さらに、real-time PCRによる定量的解析から、このうち8種（Chd2、Ankh、Gnas、Tra2α-1、Tra2α-2、Pik3ip1、Tcf4）の発現上昇が有意であることが明らかにされた。これらの結果から、カプサイシン刺激が三叉神経節細胞のイントロン領域に及ぶ遺伝子発現変動に影響を与えることが示された。2013博士（歯学）松本歯科大

Cited2 Regulates Neocortical Layer II/III Generation and Somatosensory Callosal Projection Neuron Development and Connectivity

The neocortex contains hundreds to thousands of distinct subtypes of precisely connected neurons, allowing it to perform remarkably complex tasks of high-level cognition. Callosal projection neurons (CPN) connect the cerebral hemispheres via the corpus callosum, integrating cortical information and playing key roles in associative cognition. CPN are a strikingly diverse set of neuronal subpopulations, and development of this diversity requires precise control by a complex, interactive set of molecular effectors. We have found that the transcriptional coregulator Cited2 regulates and refines two stages of CPN development. Cited2 is expressed broadly by progenitors in the embryonic day 15.5 subventricular zone, during the peak of superficial layer CPN birth, with a progressive postmitotic refinement in expression, becoming restricted to CPN of the somatosensory cortex postnatally. We generated progenitor-stage and postmitotic forebrain-specific Cited2 conditional knock-out mice, using the Emx1-Cre and NEX-Cre mouse lines, respectively. We demonstrate that Cited2 functions in progenitors, but is not necessary postmitotically, to regulate both (1) broad generation of layer II/III CPN and (2) acquisition of precise area-specific molecular identity and axonal/dendritic connectivity of somatosensory CPN. This novel CPN subtype-specific and area-specific control from progenitor action of Cited2 adds yet another layer of complexity to the multistage developmental regulation of neocortical development.Stem Cell and Regenerative Biolog

Randomised phase II trial of mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab versus mFOLFOX6 plus cetuximab as first-line treatment for colorectal liver metastasis (ATOM trial)

BackgroundChemotherapy with biologics followed by liver surgery improves the resection rate and survival of patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). However, no prospective study has compared the outcomes of chemotherapy with bevacizumab (BEV) versus cetuximab (CET).MethodsThe ATOM study is the first randomised trial comparing BEV and CET for initially unresectable CRLM. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive mFOLFOX6 plus either BEV or CET. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsBetween May 2013 and April 2016, 122 patients were enrolled. Median PFS was 11.5 months (95% CI 9.2–13.3 months) in the BEV group and 14.8 months (95% CI 9.7–17.3 months) in the CET group (hazard ratio 0.803; P = 0.33). Patients with a smaller-number but larger-sized metastases did better in the CET group. In the BEV and CET groups, the response rates were 68.4% and 84.7% and the resection rates were 56.1% and 49.2%, respectively.ConclusionAlthough CET achieved a better response rate than BEV for patients with a small number of large liver metastases, both biologics had similar efficacy regarding liver resection and acceptable safety profiles. To achieve optimal PFS, biologics should be selected in accordance with patient conditions.Trial registrationThis trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT01836653), and UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR number UMIN000010209)

Dental exchange class in the 2018 introduction to dentistry practice impressions analysis of junior high school students and dental university students

Summary[Purpose]In the introduction to dentistry practice in 2018, the first–year students of Matsumoto Dental University (MDU) had the opportunity to participate in the dental exchange class with students from junior high schools and elementary schools in Shiojiri City. Among them, the MDU students received a report on the class from the first and sec ond graders of Koryo Junior High School. The MDU students returned the impressions of the class to the junior high school students. The class was a valuable experience for the students and the teachers of MDU. We thought we should analyze the students’ impressions and use them for future reference.[ Methods ] The number of the students’ impressions was 131 for the first–year, and 149 for the second–year students of Koryo Junior High School, while the number of MDU students’ impressions was 56 for the first–year students and 50 for the second–year students.Based on these impressions, (1) we selected the main words of the impressions as keywords,counted them, and organized them into items based on our subjective opinion. (2)The impressions were text–mined and multivariate analysis was performed. (3) Visualizationwas attempted by cooccurrence network analysis.[Results] The result of (1), the key words were 354 words for the first–year students of junior high school and 353 words for the second–year students. The MDU students had 144 words for the first–year students and 154 words for the second–year students. The importanceof the key words and the frequency of their occurrence were found in (2). The importance of the key word “tooth” was the most important and thefrequency of its appearance in the first year of junior high school, while “understanding” was the most important and “tooth” was the most frequent in the second year of junior high school. The MDU students gave the highest importance and frequency of occurrence of “presentation” to both the first and second–year students. In task (3), we connected the key words in the network and visualized the relationship between the words.[Discussion] By looking at the number of key words, it can be inferred that the first and second–year students were able to understand the task. The investigation implies that theMDU students might have gained valuable experience from this exchange class.[Conclusion] Throughout the exchange class,1. The first and second–year students of Koryo Junior High School gained professional knowledge of dentistry.2. Students at Koryo Junior High School gained a better understanding of the MDU.3. First year students of the MDU gained valuable experience as presenters by understanding, preparing and devising class assignments

Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN®): review of development and future perspectives

The mechanism of action of protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK; KRESTIN®) involves the following actions: (1) recovery from immunosuppression induced by humoral factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or as a result of surgery and chemotherapy; (2) activation of antitumor immune responses including maturation of dendritic cells, correction of Th1/Th2 imbalance, and promotion of interleukin-15 production by monocytes; and (3) enhancement of the antitumor effect of chemotherapy by induction of apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis through direct actions on tumor cells. The clinical effectiveness of PSK has been demonstrated for various cancers. In patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, combined use of PSK with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs survival, and this effect has been confirmed in multiple meta-analyses. For small-cell lung carcinoma, PSK in conjunction with chemotherapy prolongs the remission period. In addition, PSK has been shown to be effective against various other cancers, reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy, and improve quality of life. Future studies should examine the effects of PSK under different host immune conditions and tumor properties, elucidate the mechanism of action exhibited in each situation, and identify biomarkers

A case of accidental ingestion of a partial denture base removed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Summary.The majority of accidental ingestions and aspirations of dental foreign bodies occur during dental treatment.However,most of them are naturally excreted without any problem although the time to excretion varies.Among dental foreign bodies,removable partial dentures involve the risk of causing perforation of the digestive tract due to the morphology of the clasp;therefore,improper treatment or measures may cause serious complications.Now,there are increasing opportunities to proactively use an endoscope to remove foreignsubstances from the gastrointestinal tract.We report a case of accidental ingestion of a removable partial denture,extracted by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.It is important to remove blunt foreign substances by endoscopy at an early stage.Simultaneously,it is imperative to enhance cooperation between dentistry and medicine and take appropriate measures

Development of a Generalized Curriculum of Field Research for Junior High School: A Case Study of Shiwa Junior High School in Higashi-Hiroshima City

The purpose of this study was to develop a generalized field research curriculum for junior high schools through the practice in the 2020 curriculum “the Period of Integrated Study” at Shiwa Junior High School in Higashi-Hiroshima City. The curriculum had a total of 23 hours for third-grade students, and was divided into the following 7 parts: 1) map work to learn about the geography and history in the area around the school, 2) fieldwork for all students to find research targets in the area, 3) desk work to choose the target each group and think about what and how to research, 4) group fieldwork to clarify the question of the target, 5) desk work to analyze and summarize the results, 6) presentation, and 7) reflection. In many cases, we received advice from local people who were familiar with local history. In order to conduct a field research, we thought it is important for effective implementation of the field research to 1) choose the area around the school as the target area, 2) use old and new maps to understand historical changes in the area, and 3) have the local people actively support the project. The study confirmed the significance of the curriculum in terms of student growth and enhanced interaction between community and school