Quinolone Resistance in Bacterial Isolates from Chicken Carcasses in Abeokuta, Nigeria: A Retrospective Study from 2005-2011

Quinolone resistance in bacteria from food animals is now globally recognized as a serious veterinary and public health problem. To determine the rate of quinolone resistance in pathogenic bacteria isolated from samples from dead chickens submitted for microbiological examination, a six-year retrospective study (April, 2005 – March, 2011) was carried out. Data from records of bacteriological investigations at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Nigeria were evaluated. Two hundred bacterial isolates including Escherichia coli (95; 47.5%), Salmonella serotypes (78; 38.0%), Klebsiella (17; 8.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12; 6.0%) were isolated from chicken carcasses within the six-year period. On the overall, the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (40.5%), enrofloxacin (21.0%), nalidixic acid (9.5%) and norfloxacin (44.0%). Overall, resistance to quinolones (except nalidixic acid) was highest in S. aureus (ciprofloxacin, 58.3%; enrofloxacin, 33.3%; and norfloxacin, 83.3%) followed by Klebsiella spp (ciprofloxacin, 41.2%; enrofloxacin, 29.4%; and norfloxacin, 64.7%), E. coli (ciprofloxacin, 40.0%; enrofloxacin, 23.2%; and norfloxacin, 41.1%) and least in Salmonella (ciprofloxacin, 38.6%; enrofloxacin,14.5%; and norfloxacin, 36.8%). However, resistance to nalidixic acid was highest in Klebsiella spp (23.5%) followed by S. aureus (16.7%), E. coli (9.5%) and least in Salmonella (5.3%). There was a general decline in quinolone resistance in the last three years (2009-2011) of this investigation. Quinolone resistance in avian pathogenic bacteria could lead to increase in economic loss from bacterial infection and refractory to treatment. Their possible transmission to humans is of public health significance.Keywords: Bacterial isolates, Commercial poultry chickens,QuinoloneresistanceNigerian Veterinary Journal, VOL:33 (2) 483-49

Short Communication: Plasma Magnesium in weaning pigs as influenced by dietary Calcium and Phosphorus ratio

No abstract

Plasma Calcium and Phosphorus In Weanling Pigs as influenced by Dietary Calcium: Phosphorus Ratio and Cestrum Diurnum ingestion

Twenty Yorkshire piglets, weaned at approximately 4 weeks of age, were used  in this study to investigate the variations in plasma calcium and phosphorus as influenced by dietary calcium and phosphorus and 3 Cestrum diurnam.In the CCD and TCD pigs, hypercalcemia developed rapidly and persisted following the feeding of 3% C. diurnum. WHile hypophosphatemia occurred in the CCD pigs, there was an initial and transient hyperphosphatemia with subsequent and terminal hyposphosphatemia in the TCD pigs.THe hypercalcemia induced by the ingestion of 3% C. diurnum in the CCD and TCD pigs is attributed to increased intestinal absorption of calcium and not bore resorption. The initial hyperphosphatemic response in TCD pigs is also believed to be due to increase absorption of phosphorus from the high phosphorus diet

Perirenal Hematoma Secondary to Renal Rupture with Concurrent Splenic Rupture in a Twelve-Week-Old Boerbeol Puppy: A Case Report

The dog kidneys are elongated and are located retroperitonealy between the thirteen thoracic vertebrae and the third lumber vertebrae. The right kidney is usually more cranial than the left (Feeney and Johnston, 2007). Each kidney consists of an outer cortex and an inner medulla which projects into the pelvis. The kidney receives approximately twenty percent of the cardiac output through the renal arteries.Renal injury is observed in about ten percent of cases of abdominal injury in humans (Razali et al., 2010). However, the exact incidence of renal injury in dogs is unknown. Majority of renal injuries are attributable to blunt trauma, while the rest are due to penetrating injuries, commonly gunshot wound and stab wounds (Kawashima et al., 2001; McAninch and Santucci, 2002). Renal injuries from blunt trauma usually occur as a consequence of a direct blow to the flank or from rapid deceleration (Razali et al., 2010). A direct blow will crush the kidney, causing a laceration or lacerations of the renal parenchyma and resulting in a subcapsular, intrarenal or perinephric hematoma (Dunnick et al., 2001).The development of perirenal haematoma is rare and primarily the result of trauma, malignancy, or a connective tissue disease (Pavel et al., 2008). Infrequently, persistent or mild trauma can cause severe perirenal haematoma resulting in abdominal pain, hematuria and shock. In humans, kidney injury is common with falls and automobile accidents; however there is dearth of information of the causes of kidney rupture in dogs.In veterinary patient, trauma and neoplasia have been recognized as the two most common causes of haemoperitoneum (Vinayak & Krahwinkel, 2004). Vehicular trauma has reportedly caused intraabdominal injury in 6.3 – 13 percent of injured animals (Brockman et al., 2000). The liver, spleen, kidneys and major vessels are the commonly affected structures, while the liver and the spleen are the most likely sources of severe haemorrhage (Fossum, 1997). Blunt trauma to the spleen and liver can involve a delay of up to three hours or more before signs of shock will develop (Vinayak & Krahwinkel, 2004). This report presents a case of severe haemoperitoneum from splenic laceration and perirenal hematoma secondary to renal rupture in a twelve week old Boerboel puppy after reportedly falling from a height.

Effect of road transportation of cattle between transboundary area and central abattoir of Abeokuta, Ogun state on plasma cortisol, blood glucose and leukocyte parameters

No Abstract

Canine trypanosomosis: Clinical observations and morphological pathology associated with natural infection of Trypanosoma congolense in exotic breeds of dog in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Clinical and pathological aspects of canine trypanosomosis were determined in naturally infected dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, at different times between 2012 and 2013. The breeds, sexes, ages and body weights of the dogs were recorded.  Clinical signs were observed. Blood samples were collected to determine their packed cell volumes  (PCVs) and parasitaemia. Post-mortem examinations were carried out on 6 dogs that died of the disease and tissue samples were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathology. Trypanosoma species was characterized using polymerase chain reaction. Trypansoma species detected by microscopy was confirmed as T. congolense savannah sub-type by PCR. Clinically, the dogs were anorexic, lethargic and showed lymphadenopathy. Their body temperatures ranged from 40-41.6oC,  Respiratory rates were 28-34/minute, 4 out of 6 cases examined at post-mortem showed epistaxis. The gross lesions were pale mucous membranes, severe pulmonary congestions, haemorrhages and oedema (4/6), marked hydrothorax measuring 1-2 litres (5/6), misshapen heart with petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages in the epicardium (4/6), severely enlarged and icteric livers and splenomegaly. The intestinal mucous membranes were haemorrhagic (2/6), the kidneys were pale and the testes were haemorrhagic (2/6). Microscopic lesions were severe pulmonary congestion, haemorrhages, oedema and infiltration by inflammatory cells, severe haemorrhagic myocarditis, hyperplastic lymphodenopathy, varying degree of degeneration and necrosis with inflammatory reactions in the lungs, hearts, livers,  spleens and kidneys. The liver sinusoids were dilated and the hepatocytes show varying degree of fatty change. In some cases, hepatocytes were atrophic. In all the six cases, Trypanosome species were characterized as T. congolense savannah type. The pathogenicity of trypanosomes in dogs was discussed.Keywords: trypanosomosis, clinical signs, parasitaemia, pathology, dogs. rhodesense