43 research outputs found
Shared visions for marine spatial planning: Insights from Israel, South Africa, and the United Kingdom
Trends in educational inequalities in cause specific mortality in Norway from 1960 to 2010: a turning point for educational inequalities in cause specific mortality of Norwegian men after the millennium?
Determinants of the calibration of SAPS II and SAPS 3 mortality scores in intensive care: a European multicenter study
Reed stands during different water level periods: physico-chemical properties of the sediment and growth of Phragmites australis of Lake Balaton
Procaspase-3-activating compound 1 stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and induces DNA damage by sequestering ferrous iron
Endothelial cell suppression of peripheral blood mononuclear cell trafficking in vitro during acute exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus
Trafficking of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into the brain is a critical step in the initiation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated central nervous system disease. To examine potential factors that control trafficking during the earliest stages of infection, PBMC transmigration across a cultured feline brain endothelial cell (BECs) monolayer was measured after selective exposure of various cell types to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Infection of the PBMCs with FIV increased the trafficking of monocytes and CD4 and CD8 T cells. Additional exposure of the BECs to FIV suppressed mean monocyte, CD4 T cell, and CD8 T cell trafficking. B cell trafficking was unaltered by these changing conditions. Subsequent exposure of astrocytes or microglia to FIV altered transmigration of different PBMC subsets in different ways. Treated microglia compared with treated astrocytes decreased monocyte transmigration, whereas B cell transmigration was increased significantly. When both astrocytes and microglia were exposed to FIV, an increase in CD8 T cell transmigration relative to BECs alone, to BECs plus astrocytes, or to BECs plus microglia was demonstrated. Thus, initial exposure of PBMCs to FIV is sufficient to induce a general increase in trafficking, whereas initial exposure of endothelial cells to FIV tends to down-regulate this effect. Selectivity of trafficking of specific PBMC subsets is apparent only after exposure of cells of the central nervous system to FIV in co-culture with the endothelium