Pattern of pericardial diseases in HIV positive patients at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Rationale. Pericarditis has been reported as the most common cardiac complication of HIV disease, followed by pericardial effusion. Methods. A retrospective review was conducted of all 68 patients treated for pericardial diseases between August 2003 and July 2008 at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. HIV-positive patients (N=42) were compared with those who were HIV negative (N=26). Results. More male than female patients presented with pericardial disease, and the HIV-positive patients were younger than those who were HIV negative. Pericardial effusion was the commonest mode of presentation, accounting for 20 HIV-positive patients (47.7%) and 13 HIV-negative patients (50%). Pericardiostomy was the commonest surgical intervention performed in HIV-positive patients (N=15), while the majority of HIV-negative patients had pericardiocentesis. Conclusion. Pericardial effusion was the commonest cardiac presentation in HIV-positive patients in our setting. We recommend that patients with pericardial effusion be investigated for HIV infection

Congenital diaphragmatic eventration in a nigerian child

No Abstract. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 14(3) 2005: 317-31

Yellow nail syndrome and bronchiectasis

The Yellow Nail Syndrome includes slow growing, opaque yellow nails with exaggerated lateral curvature, associated with lymphoedema and chronic respiratory disorders. The nail changes may precede the lymphoedema by a number of years. Bronchiectasis may be the only chronic respiratory disorder; others include chronic bronchitis, pleural effusions and chronic sinusitis. Two illustrative cases show the combinations of some of these clinical features in two black Africans. Key words: Yellow nail, bronchiectasis Nig. J. of Surgical Research Vol.4(3-4) 2002: 115-11

Experience with the Management of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia at the University College Hospital, Ibadan

A retrospective review of 44 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) treated at the Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, between August 1976 and May 1999, was carried out. Thirty (68.2 per cent) of the 44 were males and 14 (13.8 per cent) were females. The patients were analysed in three groups: 31 patients who underwent surgery were analysed as two groups: inborn (born within UCH), 10 patients, and outborn (born elsewhere), 21 patients; the third group consisted of 13 patients who were not operated upon. All the inborn patients and 18 (85.7 per cent) of the outborn had left-sided defects; the remaining three of the outborn had right-sided defects. Eleven (84.6 per cent) of those who didn't undergo surgery, had left-sided defects while the remaining 15.4 per cent had bilateral defects. The three groups had comparable gestational ages (inborn vs outborn, p> 0.05; inborn vs unoperated, p> 0.05; outborn vs unoperated, p>0.05) and birth weights ( inborn vs outborn, p>0.05; inborn vs unoperated, p>0.05; outborn vs unoperated, p> 0.05). Those who did not undergo surgery had lower Apgar scores and higher incidence of associated congenital malformations than the patients who underwent surgical repairs. The differences in the mean of 5 minute Apgar scores among the three groups were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Age at surgery was higher in the outborn (mean 55.5 ± 42.2 hours) than the inborn (mean 9.2 ± 3.9 hours) patients. The difference between the mean age at surgery was statistically significant (p< 0.05). Majority of those requiring operation (24 patients, 77.4 per cent) had repair by thoracotomy, while the remaining seven (22.6 per cent) had repair by the abdominal approach. Most of the patients had primary repair while two required diaphragmatic patches with dacron. Sixty per cent of the inborn patients required post-operative ventilation compared with only 23.8 per cent of the outborn. Survival was 71.4 per cent for the outborn and 40 per cent for the inborn. It is concluded that CDH is a disease with a range of severity. The higher survival rate among the more mature outborns suggest a natural selection of those with minimum respiratory impairment. Keywords: Congenital, Diaphragmatic hernia. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 2002;29:40-46

Experience with the Management of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Summary: A retrospective review of 44 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) treated at the Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, between August 1976 and May 1999, was carried out. Thirty (68.2 per cent) of the 44 were males and 14 (13.8 per cent) were females. The patients were analysed in three groups: 31 patients who underwent surgery were analysed as two groups: inborn (born within UCH), 10 patients, and outborn (born elsewhere), 21 patients; the third group consisted of 13 patients who were not operated upon. All the inborn patients and 18 (85.7 per cent) of the outborn had left-sided defects; the remaining three of the outborn had right-sided defects. Eleven (84.6 per cent) of those who didn't undergo surgery, had left-sided defects while the remaining 15.4 per cent had bilateral defects. The three groups had comparable gestational ages (inborn vs outborn, p> 0.05; inbom vs unoperated, p> 0.05; outborn vs unoperated, p>0.05) and birth weights (inborn vs outborn, p>0.05; inborn vs unoperated, p>0.05; outborn vs unoperated, p>0.05). Those who did not undergo surgery had lower Apgar scores and higher incidence of associated congenital malformations than the patients who underwent surgical repairs. The differences in the mean of 5 minute Apgar scores among the three groups were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Age at surgery was higher in the outborn (mean 55.5 42.2 hours) than the inborn (mean 9.2 + 3.9 hours) patients. The difference between the mean age at surgery was statistically significant (p< 0.05). Majority of those requiring operation (24 patients, 77.4 per cent) had repair by thoracotomy, while the remaining seven (22.6 per cent) had repair by the abdominal approach. Most of the patients had primary repair while two required diaphragmatic patches with dacron. Sixty per cent of the inborn patients required post operative ventilation compared with only 23.8 per cent of the outborn. Survival was 71.4 per cent for the outborn and 40 per cent for the inborn. It is concluded that CDH is a disease with a range of severity. The higher survival rate among the more mature outborns suggest a natural selection of those with minimum respiratory impairment

Coarctation of the Aorta: Experience at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Summary Between May 1977 and June 1998, 697 patients with congenital hcart diseases were admitted to the cardiothoracic surgical unit (CTSU) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Eighteen (2.6 per cent) of the patients with 19 coarctations of the aorta (COA) were retrospectively studied. The age range of all the patients with CoA was 18 days to 30 years (mean 7.2–8.2 years), but for the 15 patients who underwent surgery, it was one month to 30 years (mean 8.6–8.3 years). Three patients died preoperatively of congenital cardiac anomalies associated with infantile CoA. There were 16 thoracic and two abdominal COA, while one patient had recurrent CoA. Resection and end-to-end anastomosis was performed in four patients, dacron tube interposition graft in three, and dacron patch graft in four patients. Other procedures were employed in five patients. Operative mortality was 25 per cent. Operative deaths occurred in two infants with isolated COA, a neonate who had associated pulmonary hypertension and a 17-year old who had surgery for re-coarctation. Complications of surgery included post operative haemorrhage in two patients, intra-operative hemorrhage in one and hoarseness of the voice in four patients. Paradoxical hypertension occurred in three patients, graft occlusion and wound dehiscence occurred together in one patient and two patients had chylothorax. It is concluded that CoA is a surgically correctable congenital anomaly which is probably less frequently diagnosed locally

Coarctation of the Aorta: Experience at the University College Hospital, Ibadan

Between May 1977 and June 1998, 697 patients with congenital heart diseases were admitted to the cardiothoracic surgical unit (CTSU) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Eighteen (2.6 per cent) of the patients with 19 coarctations of the aorta (CoA) were retrospectively studied. The age range of all the patients with CoA was 18 days to 30 years (mean 7.2±8.2 years), but for the 15 patients who underwent surgery, it was one month to 30 years (mean 8.6±8.3 years). Three patients died preoperatively of congenital cardiac anomalies associated with infantile CoA. There were 16 thoracic and two abdominal CoA, while one patient had recurrent CoA. Resection and end-to-end anastomosis was performed in four patients, dacron tube interposition graft in three, and dacron patch graft in four patients. Other procedures were employed in five patients. Operative mortality was 25 per cent. Operative deaths occurred in two infants with isolated CoA, a neonate who had associated pulmonary hypertension and a 17-year old who had surgery for re-coarctation. Complications of surgery included post-operative haemorrhage in two patients, intra-operative hemorrhage in one and hoarseness of the voice in four patients. Paradoxical hypertension occurred in three patients, graft occlusion and wound dehiscence occurred together in one patient and two patients had chylothorax. It is concluded that CoA is a surgically correctable congenital anomaly which is probably less frequently diagnosed locally.Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 2002;29:27-33