36 research outputs found
The image-based finite element evaluation of the deformed state
The article presents one of the possible approaches to modeling objects with anisotropic properties based on images of the study area. Data from such images are taken into account when building a numerical model. In this case, material inhomogeneity can be included by integrating the local stiffness matrix of each finite element with a certain weight function. The purpose of the presented work is to develop a finite element for the formation of a computational ensemble and simulation of mechanical behavior taking into account the data of two-dimensional medical images. To implement the proposed approach, we used the assumption that there is a correlation between the values in the image pixels and the elastic properties of the material. Meshing was based on a four-node plane finite element. This approach allows using the quantitative phase or scanning electronic images, as well as computed tomography data. A number of test problems for compression of elementary geometry samples were calculated. The distal part of the rat femur was considered as a model problem. A computed tomography scan of the sample was used to construct a numerical model taking into account the inhomogeneity of the material distribution inside the organ. The distribution field of the nodal displacements based on data obtained from the images of the study area is presented. Within the framework of a model problem, we considered how a computer tomograph resolution influences the quality of the obtained results. For this purpose, calculations were carried out based on compressed input medical images
In-plane interferometry of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons
The paper is devoted to the development of interferometric schemes for determining the complex refractive index ΞΊ = ΞΊβ²+iβ’ΞΊβ³ ΞΊ of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) of the terahertz (THz) spectral range. As the value of ΞΊ depends on the dielectric constant Ο΅m of the metal surface guiding the SPPs it can be used for determining m in the far infrared what other optical methods fail to do due to high reflectivity of metals. We discuss two types of THz SPP interferometers in which the interference pattern is formed as a result of the interaction of SPP beams themselves rather than bulk waves produced by these beams. The first type of interferometers are static devices that enable one to investigate fast processes on the metal surface, while the second type are dynamic ones that make it possible to realize Fourier spectroscopy of the metal surface and its transition layer at THz frequencies. Devices of the both types produce interferograms enabling one to determine the real and the imaginary parts of ΞΊ. The results of experiments on the interaction of THz SPPs with flat mirrors and beam - splitting plates, the key elements of the THz SPP interferometers, are presented. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Background: Obesity is aΒ major risk factor for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, some obese patients have normal parameters of blood arterial pressure, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism ("metabolically healthy obesity", MHO).Aim: To study adipocytokine levels and to assess the effect of weight loss on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolically healthy obesity.Materials and methods: We conducted aΒ comparative analysis of the main metabolic parameters and adipocytokine levels in 44Β female patients with MHO (according to the IDF criteria of the metabolic syndrome, 2005: obese patients with no more than one additional cardiometabolic risk factor) and in 33Β women with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). We also assessed changes of these indices in the patients who reduced their body weight by β₯ 5%Β at 6Β months.Results: At baseline, body mass index (BMI) and the levels of basal insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-Ξ±), adiponectin and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) in the MHO and MUHO groups were comparable. AΒ significant difference between these groups was observed for the HOMA index (3.0 and 4.4, respectively; p 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (23.49 and 37.39Β U/l; p = 0.001), interleukin-6 (0.76 and 1.5Β pg/ml; p 0.05), chemerin (322.4 and 369.2Β ng/ml; p 0.05), and the duration of obesity (18 and 22.6Β years; p 0.05). At 6Β months, in those MHO patients, who reduced body weight by β₯ 5% of the initial (66%), there was aΒ significant increase of adiponectin by 4.54 Β± 0.83Β Β΅g/ml (p 0.05) and aΒ reduction of waist circumference (WC) by -8.6 Β± 1Β cm (p 0.05), ΠΠΠΠ index by -1.13 Β± 0.42 (p 0.05), CRP by -1.7 Β± 0.4Β mg/l (p 0.05), RBP-4 by 2.9 Β± 1.0Β ng/ml (p 0.05), and Ρhemerin by -46.6 Β± 17.0Β ng/ml (p 0.05). In the MHO group, we found aΒ positive correlation between changes in the adiponectin levels and the degree of reduction in body weight (p 0.01), changes in RBP-4 and WC (p 0.05), and changes in the levels of interleukin-6 and high-density lipoprotein (p 0.05).Conclusion: Compared to the complicated obesity, MHO is associated with aΒ shorter disease history, and lower levels of the HOMA index, interleukin-6, and chemerin levels. The body mass decrease in MHO is associated with aΒ decrease in the proinflammatory adipocytokine levels and of the HOMA index that determines the need for treatment of obesity, regardless of its phenotype.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β β Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ΄ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Β β Β«ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» (MΠO).Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΒ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΒ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΒ ΠΠΠ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΒ 44Β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΒ MΠO (Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎ International Diabetes Federation (2005)Β β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΒ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°) ΠΈΒ 33Β ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΒ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (ΠΠΠ). ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΒ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π½Π° β₯ 5% ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 6Β ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π².Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, Π±Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π‘-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ-Ξ±, Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°-4 Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡ Π²Β Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
MΠO ΠΈΒ MΠΠ. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° HOMAΒ β 3,0 ΠΈΒ 4,4 (Ρ 0,05), Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΡΒ β 23,49 ΠΈΒ 37,39Β ΠΠ΄/Π» (p = 0,001), ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-6Β β 0,76 ΠΈΒ 1,85Β ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» (Ρ 0,05), Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Β β 322,4 ΠΈΒ 369,2Β Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ» (Ρ 0,05), Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ β 18 ΠΈΒ 22,6Β Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° (Ρ 0,05) ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· 6Β ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² Π²Β Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΒ MΠO, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π½Π° β₯ 5%Β ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ (66%), Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° 4,54 Β± 0,83Β ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ» (p 0,05), ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈΒ β 8,6 Β± 1Β ΡΠΌ (p 0,005), ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠΠΠΒ β -1,13 Β± 0,42Β (p 0,05), Π‘-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°Β β 1,7 Β± 0,4Β ΠΌΠ³/Π» (Ρ 0,05), ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°-4Β β 2,9 Β± 1,0Β Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ» (Ρ 0,05) ΠΈΒ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Β β 46,6 Β± 17,0Β Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ» (Ρ 0,05). ΠΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° (p 0,01), ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°-4 ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ (p 0,05) ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-6 ΠΈΒ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (p 0,05) Π²Β Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ MΠO.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΒ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΠ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠΠΠ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-6, Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°. Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠΠΠ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ°
Specific features of sodium iodide (NaJ-2HβO) dehydration in vacuum
Sodium iodide dehydration in vacuum has been studied by baric analysis and spectrophotometry. The decomposition process of NaJ-2HβO has been shown to be possible at room temperature. During the subsequent heating, water has bben found to be eliminated within 180 to 280Β°C and 280 to 450Β°C ranges.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π²ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ° NaJ-2HβO ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
180-280Β°Π‘ ΠΈ 280-450Β°Π‘.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ NaJ-2HβO ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. Π£ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
180-280Β°C ΡΠ° 280-450Β°C
Dehydration of alkali metal iodides in vacuum
The behavior of lithium, sodium, and cesium iodides under heating in vacuum has been studied using baric method and spectrometry. Water release into the gas phase has been found to occur from the materials within various temperature ranges. The water release at the alkali metal iodides seems to be connected with decomposition of the impurity phase containing hydroxyl groups.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ.ΠΠΎΡΠ»iΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄iΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄iΠ² Π»iΡiΡ, Π½Π°ΡΡiΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·iΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡiΠ²Π°Π½Π½i Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌi ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»iΠ·Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡiΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ²iΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Ρ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Ρ ΡiΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
iΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°Ρ
. ΠΠΈΠ²iΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡiΠ²Π°Π½Π½i ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄iΠ² Π»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»iΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²'ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌiΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌiΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π³iΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½i Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ
Meta-Analysis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Electromechanical Reconstruction of Myocardium
In developed countries, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which results from obesity, has become endemic and kills many adults annually. Health research centers in most countries are looking to examine the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic biomarkers. A bleeding-prone standard liver biopsy or costly magnetic resonance imaging scan is used to diagnose NAFLD. The present study aimed to analyze medical databases using various scientific articles; moreover, this experiment analyzed medical databases using published scientific articles related to NAFLD, endovascular treatment, cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disorders, changes in the geometry of atria and ventricles, changes in myocardial mass volume as well as diastolic flow left and right ventricular systolic functions, coronary blood flow, analysis of the dependence of epicardial fat tissue (EFT) thickness, and the presence of chronic heart failure (CHF). It is demonstrated that the index of EFT in NAFLD positively correlated with the criteria of cardiovascular health, values of the carotid intima-media thickness, and calcification of the coronary arteries on the coronary artery calcium scale (P<0.0001). The index of per EFT significantly correlated with the factor of the age of the NAFLD patients (P=0.04), hemoglobin A1C level (P<0.001), systemic inflammatory index (P=0.02), the index of impaired glucose tolerance (P=0.03), and especially, the patient's diabetes factor (P<0.001). In addition, adiponectin levels were significantly lower in individuals with NAFLD (P=0.001) and patients with MetS (P=0.02). NAFLD in association with an increase in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, CHF, as well as structural and electrophysiological myocardial remodeling. The study of pathogenetic mechanisms in the context of the role of EAT and clinical monitoring of its condition are urgent problems of modern medicine. Copyright Β© 2022 b
Bone Stress-Strain State Evaluation Using CT Based FEM
Nowadays, the use of a digital prototype in numerical modeling is one of the main approaches to calculating the elements of an inhomogeneous structure under the influence of external forces. The article considers a finite element analysis method based on computed tomography data. The calculations used a three-dimensional isoparametric finite element of a continuous medium developed by the authors with a linear approximation, based on weighted integration of the local stiffness matrix. The purpose of this study is to describe a general algorithm for constructing a numerical model that allows static calculation of objects with a porous structure according to its computed tomography data. Numerical modeling was carried out using kinematic boundary conditions. To evaluate the results obtained, computational and postprocessor grids were introduced. The qualitative assessment of the modeling data was based on the normalized error. Three-point bending of bone specimens of the pig forelimbs was considered as a model problem. The numerical simulation results were compared with the data obtained from a physical experiment. The relative error ranged from 3 to 15%, and the crack location, determined by the physical experiment, corresponded to the area where the ultimate strength values were exceeded, determined by numerical modeling. The results obtained reflect not only the effectiveness of the proposed approach, but also the agreement with experimental data. This method turned out to be relatively non-resource-intensive and time-efficient
Topography of the crust-mantle boundary beneath the Black Sea Basin.
A map of Moho depth for the Black Sea and its immediate surroundings has been inferred from 3-D gravity modelling, and crustal structure has been clarified. Beneath the basin centre, the thickness of the crystalline layer is similar to that of the oceanic crust. In the Western and Eastern Black Sea basins, the Moho shallows to 19 and 22 km, respectively. Below the Tuapse Trough (northeastern margin, adjacent to the Caucasus orogen), the base of the crust is at 28 km, whereas in the Sorokin Trough, it is as deep as 34 km. The base of the crust lies at 29 and 33 km depths respectively below the southern and northern parts of the Mid-Black Sea Ridge. For the Shatsky Ridge (between the Tuapse Trough and the Eastern Black Sea Basin), the Moho plunges from the northwest (33 km) to the southeast (40 km). The Arkhangelsky Ridge (south of the Eastern Black Sea Basin) is characterised by a Moho depth of 32 km. The crust beneath these ridges is of continental type. Β© 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved