8 research outputs found
Intracavity optical trapping with ytterbium doped fiber
We propose a novel approach for trapping micron-sized particles and living cells based on optical feedback. This approach can be implemented at low numerical aperture (NA=0.5, 20X) and long working distance. In this configuration, an optical tweezers is constructed inside a ring cavity fiber laser and the optical feedback in the ring cavity is controlled by the light scattered from a trapped particle. In particular, once the particle is trapped, the laser operation, optical feedback and intracavity power are affected by the particle motion. We demonstrate that using this configuration is possible to stably hold micron-sized particles and single living cells in the focal spot of the laser beam. The calibration of the optical forces is achieved by tracking the Brownian motion of a trapped particle or cell and analysing its position distribution. © 2013 SPIE
Collective excitations of trapped Bose condensates in the energy and time domains
A time-dependent method for calculating the collective excitation frequencies
and densities of a trapped, inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate with
circulation is presented. The results are compared with time-independent
solutions of the Bogoliubov-deGennes equations. The method is based on
time-dependent linear-response theory combined with spectral analysis of
moments of the excitation modes of interest. The technique is straightforward
to apply, is extremely efficient in our implementation with parallel FFT
methods, and produces highly accurate results. The method is suitable for
general trap geometries, condensate flows and condensates permeated with vortex
structures.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures small typos fixe
From Coherent Modes to Turbulence and Granulation of Trapped Gases
The process of exciting the gas of trapped bosons from an equilibrium initial
state to strongly nonequilibrium states is described as a procedure of symmetry
restoration caused by external perturbations. Initially, the trapped gas is
cooled down to such low temperatures, when practically all atoms are in
Bose-Einstein condensed state, which implies the broken global gauge symmetry.
Excitations are realized either by imposing external alternating fields,
modulating the trapping potential and shaking the cloud of trapped atoms, or it
can be done by varying atomic interactions by means of Feshbach resonance
techniques. Gradually increasing the amount of energy pumped into the system,
which is realized either by strengthening the modulation amplitude or by
increasing the excitation time, produces a series of nonequilibrium states,
with the growing fraction of atoms for which the gauge symmetry is restored. In
this way, the initial equilibrium system, with the broken gauge symmetry and
all atoms condensed, can be excited to the state, where all atoms are in the
normal state, with completely restored gauge symmetry. In this process, the
system, starting from the regular superfluid state, passes through the states
of vortex superfluid, turbulent superfluid, heterophase granular fluid, to the
state of normal chaotic fluid in turbulent regime. Both theoretical and
experimental studies are presented.Comment: Latex file, 25 pages, 4 figure