HISTORICAL AND MODERN ASPECTS OF RUSSIAN PEDIATRIC VITAMINOLOGY

The article describes the history of establishment of vitaminology as a science in Russia. Properties of vitamins and microelements determining the necessity of their presence in the organism and states which develop in case of their deficiency, are described in a transparent and clear form. The main part of the article is devoted to replacement of vitamins and microelements in case of their insufficient content level in the organism. It is the field of medicine where Albert imre szent gyorgyi's words: «capabilities induce the need to use these capabilities…» are especially relevant.Key words: vitamins, microelements, properties, need, deficiency, treatment, children

FORMULATION OF VITAMIN COMPLEXES, SUPPLYING PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS IN VITAMINS IN CHILDREN

Technological progress saved human from hard physical work and big expenditures of energy. It was resulted in need to decrease the volume of consumed food. But need in vitamins remained on the former level. Maximal volume of vitamins, which organism use, is conditioned on the level of genes. The reasons, allowing a development of state of hypovitaminosis especially in schoolchildren, remain. Increased metabolism, induced by the growth of organism, frequently inevitable stress, sometimes unbalanced nutrition, hard intellectual loads, etc., can lead to the development of the states, which need increased doses of vitamins. Observations during last 20 years showed that there is no almost any child, whose provision with vitamins con be estimated as optimal. In most children (up to 70%) the combined deficiency of three and more vitamins is detected, independently of their age, time of year and place of living. Pediatricians use vitamins not only for the maintenance of homeostasis itself, but for the initiation of all program of child’s development. Schoolchild’s organism needs additional volume of vitamins all the time, and they should be administrated during prolonged periods of time, independently of time of the year and adequacy of diet. Timely administration of vitamins and minerals complexes provides significant prophylactic of hypovitaminosis.Key words: children, vitamins, nutrition, prophylaxis.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(6):77-84

Peptides contained in the composition of Laennec that contribute to the treatment of hyperferritinemia and iron overload disorders [Пептиды в составе препарата Лаеннек, способствующие устранению гиперферритинемии и перегрузки железом]

Introduction. Hemosiderosis is a pathologic condition that accompanies liver, lung, and other organ diseases. Polypeptide-containing drug Laennec contributes to the elimination of excessive iron deposits in tissues. Aim. The study was aimed to identify peptides contained in the composition of the drug that take part in the regulation of iron homeostasis and correction of hemosiderosis and hyperferritinemia. Materials and Methods. The study of the drug composition was conducted with hybrid mass-spectrometry and modern methods of analysis of Big Data based on the topological approach to recognition. Results. The preparation contains 19 peptides that are potentially important for the regulation of iron homeostasis. These peptides help to treat the disorders of iron metabolism by regulating the levels of the main hormone of iron homeostasis hepcidin by reducing the synthesis of ferritin and by exhibiting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Conclusion. The identified peptides allowed the authors to describe the molecular mechanisms of the iron overload elimination that are known from experimental and clinical studies of the analyzed polypeptide drug. © 2018 Slovenske Divadlo

COVID-19 pandemic: Protective role of vitamin D [Пандемия COVID-19: защитные роли витамина D]

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the vulnerability of the general population to this infectious disease, which is determined by the lack of immunity to the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and is characterized by cytokine storm in severe cases. One of the most important reasons for this vulnerability is a high occurrence rate of micronutrient deficiencies, and above all, vitamin D deficiency. Aim. To systematize the available data on the role of vitamin D in the prevention of COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods. Systematic computer analysis of the entire array of available scientific publications on coronaviruses (21,300 publications in PUBMED and preprint repositories, including 7,500 publications on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2) was performed. The methods of topological and metric data analysis were used. About 50 most informative sections were identified that were mainly associated with COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of the obtained “map” of molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 was performed. Results. Vitamin D activates the expression of many genes involved in supporting the immunity against coronaviruses and other single-stranded RNA viruses (interferon-dependent protection). The results of the systematic analysis of the publications on coronavirus showed that vitamin D is important for attenuating the effects of the cytokine storm and compensating for chronic comorbid pathologies. Conclusion. The compensation for vitamin D deficiency is an essential component of COVID-19 prevention. This tactics of prevention is less costly than managing patients with severe forms of COVID-19 and can help save public healthcare resources. © 2020 IRBIS LLC. All rights reserved

COVID-19 and iron deficiency anemia: Relationships of pathogenesis and therapy

During pregnancy, a woman becomes more susceptible to respiratory and viral diseases, including novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Pregnancy exacerbates the acute inflammation typical to COVID-19, elevating a risk of developing cytokine storm, characterized by an avalanche-like spike of inflammation marker concentrations (C-reactive protein, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate etc.). Cytokine storm increases a risk of pregnancy loss and contribute to formation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in pregnant women and fetus. In particular, erythrocyte degradation due to acute inflammation leads to hypoxia and uncontrolled inter-tissue iron redistribution. As a result, conditions are created simultaneously for developing pulmonary hemosiderosis and hemosiderosis of other tissues in pregnant woman and fetus, as well as for augmenting iron loss from the body, which exacerbates iron deficiency anemia (IDA). It is important to emphasize that a surge of ferritin level distinctive for severe COVID-19, does not indicate iron overload. Therefore, recommendations to cancel IDA correction and even to use iron chelators in COVID-19 may increase hypoxia and harm the health of pregnant women. © 2020 Limited Liability Company KlinMed Consulting

PREVENTION OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN

The author focuses on the causes of vitamin deficiency in this article dedicated to the issues of hypovitaminosis in the children population. It also describes the consequences of a vitamin and mineral deficiency in the body. Given the interaction of individual vitamins and minerals, the author demonstrates the best efficacy of complex medications. In addition, the article stresses the need for a preventive administration of these medications ensuring the normal level of minerals and vitamins, and, hence, an optimal functioning of a child’s body organs and systems.Key words: vitamins, minerals, deficiency, correction ways, children

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CALCIUM DEFICIT IN PEDIATRICS AND WAYS TO CORRECT IT

Calcium takes an active part in provision and development of the motion function (tractions, transmission of the neural impulse, muscle reactions to the neural excitement, change of the hormone activity, realizing together with adenylate cyclase). But no less important is the calcium role in participation of the supporting tissue buildup, organization of the integral child's skeletal system, in which there is 99% of the body calcium. This is a sort of depot, in which the element is in the dynamic equilibrium with its level in blood. The skeletal system acts as a buffer to support the stable level of the calcium circulation in the course of the entire life cycle. The calcium deficit among children should fully be treated, frequently conducting therapy of the accompanied pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and intestinal dysbiosis. We should exclude the hereditary pathology of the calcium exchange. For the usual growth of the human body and prevention of the senile osteoporosis, the necessary amount of calcium consumption should be provided from the very childhood of a person. For the prevention and treatment of the calcium deficit among children, we use specific calcium medications together with phosphorus, magnesium, microelements and vitamins tested in clinical practice and approved by the union of pediatricians of Russia.Key words: calcium, deficit of major mineral elements, treatment, prevention, children

PREVENTION OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN

The author focuses on the causes of vitamin deficiency in this article dedicated to the issues of hypovitaminosis in the children population. It also describes the consequences of a vitamin and mineral deficiency in the body. Given the interaction of individual vitamins and minerals, the author demonstrates the best efficacy of complex medications. In addition, the article stresses the need for a preventive administration of these medications ensuring the normal level of minerals and vitamins, and, hence, an optimal functioning of a child’s body organs and systems.Key words: vitamins, minerals, deficiency, correction ways, children

HISTORICAL AND MODERN ASPECTS OF RUSSIAN PEDIATRIC VITAMINOLOGY

The article describes the history of establishment of vitaminology as a science in Russia. Properties of vitamins and microelements determining the necessity of their presence in the organism and states which develop in case of their deficiency, are described in a transparent and clear form. The main part of the article is devoted to replacement of vitamins and microelements in case of their insufficient content level in the organism. It is the field of medicine where Albert imre szent gyorgyi's words: «capabilities induce the need to use these capabilities…» are especially relevant.Key words: vitamins, microelements, properties, need, deficiency, treatment, children

VITAMIN PREVENTIVE ALGORITHM FOR CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES: TECHNOLOGY OF INCREASING NON SPECIFIC RESISTANCE

An algorithm of choosing adequate vitamin combination for children's acute respiratory diseases is suggested on the basis of Pikovit vitamin complex (KRKA, Slovenia). It is emphasized that the choice of vitamins should be based on the peculiarities of their metabolism and their role in the body. The importance of vitamin therapy is in its immunomodifying effect and increasing child's abilities for adaptation. Choice of vitamin and mineral complex for seasonal child ARD prevention depends on physiological vitamin doses and the fact that vitamin and mineral complexes containing iron and copper should be excluded in the acute phase of the disease. Latest research data is provided demonstrating the inadvisability of using iron and copper additives to children with ARD. The article provides information on the necessity of qualified primary inspection of the sick child, diagnosing activities, composing an individual diet, vitamin and pharmacological therapy.Key words: polyvitamin products, prevention, acute respiratory infections, children.</strong