DIETARY HABITS OF MODERN HIGH SCHOOL AND STUDENT GIRLS ACCORDING TO THE QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN

As a result of questioning of high school and student girls of Irkutsk region we got data on the adequacy and. condition of their nutrition. The nutrition of most of high, school and. student girls is unsatisfactory according to the indices of structural and. biological value of food

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS PREVENT VIOLATIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND FORMATION REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL CULTURE OF MODERN YOUTH (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The level of awareness on reproductive health, and safety of sexual relations of the modern teenagers is low and. not corresponding to the modern requirements and. to their lifestyle. The presented, facts of the literature review prove good, timing and. the need, for implementation, of youth, reproductive education programs aimed, at raising awareness on reproductive health, issues and. the skills to save it

Хронический эндометрит и репродуктивные нарушения: версии и контраверсии

Among married couples of childbearing age, the frequency of infertility in different regions of Russia and the world ranges from 10 to 21%. The effectiveness of the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer is determined by two factors: the functional completeness of the embryo at the blastocyst stage and the absence of intrauterine pathology. One of the main causes of imperfect or unsuccessful implantation is an impaired function and damaged endometrial structure, which is often caused by a chronic inflammatory process in the endometrium. Chronic endometritis (CE) is a condition associated with a violation of the coexistence between microorganisms and the immune system of a macroorganism in the endometrium. A majority of CE cases produce no noticeable clinical signs or mild symptoms and the CE prevalence rate is approximately 10% based on the histological findings of an endometrial biopsy.The interconnection between СE and reproductive dysfunctions, such as implant damage and repeated miscarriage, has been studied by many researchers at the present stage. Chronic endometritis is common among patients with unexplained infertility. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic endometritis increase the frequency of spontaneous pregnancies and live births in such patients. The diagnosis of chronic endometritis is not simple, often contradictory, and, thus, requires close cooperation between the fertility specialist and the pathologist. In this study, we reviewed the literature on the pathophysiology of chronic endometritis and how it may be associated with infertility, as well as the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of CE, published at PubMed as on May 2019 in a version and contra-version format.Частота бесплодия в разных регионах России и в мире среди супружеских пар репродуктивного возраста колеблется от 10 до 21%. Существует два основных фактора, определяющих эффективность результатов экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО) и переноса эмбрионов: функциональная полноценность эмбриона на стадии бластоцисты и отсутствие внутриматочной патологии. Одной из главных причин неполноценной или неудачной имплантации являются нарушенная функция и поврежденная структура эндометрия, часто обусловленная хроническим воспалительным процессом в эндометрии. Хронический эндометрит (ХЭ) – это состояние, связанное с нарушением сосуществования между микроорганизмами и иммунной системой макроорганизма в эндометрии. В большинстве случаев ХЭ не имеет заметных клинических признаков, а его распространенность на основании гистологического заключения биопсии эндометрия составляет около 10%. Связь между ХЭ и репродуктивными нарушениями, такими как имплантационная недостаточность и повторный выкидыш, стала предметом пристального внимания многих современных исследований. Обращает на себя внимание распространенность хронического эндометрита у женщин с необъяснимым бесплодием, а диагностика и лечение хронического эндометрита повышают частоту спонтанных беременностей и живорождений у таких пациенток. Диагноз хронического эндометрита является не простым, а зачастую противоречивым и требует тесного сотрудничестваспециалистов – репродуктологов и патоморфологов.В этом обзоре мы рассмотрели литературу по вопросам патофизиологии ХЭ, возможных причин, ассоциированных с бесплодием, а также привели результаты научных исследований, касающихся диагностики и лечения ХЭ, которые были опубликованы в коллекции PubMed по состоянию на май 2019 г. в формате изложения версий и  контраверсий

Polycystic ovary syndrome - 80 years of research and new directions in the study (literature review)

The article presents the current data of history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) study. It contains studies of genetic susceptibility of PCOS, PCOS symptoms and connection with development of anxiety and depressive disorders. The article covers ethnic differences in the phenotypic manifestations of PCOS. The papers describes the study of endocrine causes of infertility in Russian and Buryat women. Several theories of PCOS, including the theory of PCOS connection with intestinal bacterial flora disorders ("dysbiotic intestinal microbiota") are being discussed. The article also provides an overview of various scientific research in this area and the data of the relationship of PCOS and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity and sleep apnea. It highlights modern aspects in the study of PCOS etiology - studies of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. The article reflects study of PCOS relationship with the level of the gastrointestinal tract hormones: leptin, insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, peptide YY. The effect of short-term low-dose hormonal contraceptives on appetite levels in PCOS is covered. The scientific articles on the severity of hypertension in menopausal women with PCOS history and the presence of overweight are reviewed. The scientific work determines molecular genetic markers of PCOS in the aspect of the influence of environmental factors on the expression of genes

Profile of a patient with tubal peritoneal infertility with unsuccessful attempts of IVF

Tubal-peritoneal infertility ranks first among the reasons for carrying out IVF in the Irkutsk region. The effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies programs in particular, programs of in vitro fertilization depends on many factors. In addition to the quality of embryos - factor that is almost impossible to influence, the effectiveness of IVF depends on the presence of persistent foci of infection in women with infertility. A retrospective analysis of 83 patients with an established diagnosis of primary infertility, tubal-peritoneal factor, the average age of 35.8 ± 1.5years, the duration of infertility averaged 4.5 ± 1.3 years, the level of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMG) is not lower than 1 ng/ml (sufficient ovarian reserve), after unsuccessful attempts of application of methods of assisted reproductive technologies (one or more inefficient IVF program). Mostly, patients had normal indices of body mass index. We preformed a retrospective analysis of 83 cases histories of patients of "Mother and child" clinic, Irkutsk, with established diagnosis of primary infertility with tubal-peritoneal factor and composed a clinical profile of a patient. All patients were examined for genital tuberculosis, which was diagnosed in 12 women (14.4 %). Genital tuberculosis as a hidden source of infection has no pathognomonic symptoms and difficult to diagnose, so the presence of indirect signs should alert the obstetrician-gynecologist for early diagnosis of this disease. For early and timely detection of genital tuberculosis in women with reproductive disorders, active implementation of an expanded list of risk factors in the outpatient stage is necessary

Basic mechanisms of primary infertility in reproductive age women with hypothalamic dysfunction in puberty

Hypothalamic dysfunction is the most common pathology of the puberty and is accompanied by obesity in 39 % of adolescent girls. Obesity is one of the main causes of reproductive function disorders leading to decrease infertility in women. The aim of the study is to assess the gynecological health of reproductive age women with hypothalamic dysfunction in puberty and to determine the mechanisms of the primary infertility formation. We conducted a prospective study of adolescent girls with hypothalamic dysfunction (n = 170) from 2000 to 2013 year. According to the screening criteria, fertility was assessed in 86 women of reproductive age, a comparative characteristic was performed in fertile women (n = 46) and in women with primary infertility (n = 21). PCOS (38.1 %), absence of ayellow body in one of the ovaries (71.4 %), a decrease in serum progesterone by 2 times, an increase in ERa/PGR by 2.3 times and activity of NF-kB by 1.4 times in the endometrium were detected significantly more often in women with primary infertility with hypothalamic dysfunction in puberty in comparison with fertile women. The level of ERa and PGR in the endometrium decreased with increasing activity of NF-kB and BMI. The relationship between the activity of NF-kB and BMI in both study groups was established

FEATURES OF DIAGNOSIS OF UROGENITAL TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH INFERTILITY

Diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis presents great difficulties. The article shows the main methods of diagnosing disease in modern conditions. For the early and timely detection of tuberculosis of female genital mutilation it is necessary to restore the interaction, of TB doctors and. gynecologists

FEMALE GENITAL TUBERCULOSIS IN THE MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS IN BURYAT REPUBLIC

The article presents the results of analysis of statistical data and medical cases of women with urogenital tuberculosis, examined at the Republic's clinical TB dispensary in Ulan-Ude (Buryat Respublic) in the 2008-2012. It was shown that in accordance with hospital register the genital TB incidence and the rate of infertility associated with tuberculosis in Buryats and Russian patients are similar

Detection of genes of pathogenicity of symbiotic microflora in adjacent biotopes in women with chronic endometritis and reproductive disorders

Recent researches established microecological relationships between intestinal, vaginal and nasopharyngeal biocenoses in the composition of a macroorganism microbiome. This study included 57 women with chronic endometritis and 21 woman without it (control group). In women with chronic endometritis all studied pathogenicity genes (asal, cylA, stxl and stx2) were identified in representatives of symbiotic microflora in all three studied habitats - vaginal, intestinal and nasopharyngeal, which confirms the presence of a reservoir of potential pathogenicity. Studied genes of pathogenicity were diagnosed in women with CE in 8 cases of the bacteria of the species E. faecalis and E. faecium, which are "harbingers" of impending serious problem. This indicates the importance of these species in etiopathogenetic structure of microbiocenoses of studied habitats, and, possibly, their impact on the course of this disease

Genes of pathogenicity of Enterococcus bacteria isolated from the vaginal biotope of women with chronic endometritis and reproductive disorders

The microflora of the vagina plays an important role and should be regarded as a kind of ecological system that reacts to any changes in the state of the woman's body. Clinically expressed genital infections are etiologically associated with opportunistic microorganisms. In the pathogenesis of dysbiosis, an important role is played not only by quantitative and qualitative changes in microflora, but also by the "pathogenic potential" of microorganisms. The aim of the work was to reveal genes of pathogenicity in strains of Enterococci of the vaginal biotope of women of the studied groups. The study involved 102 women with reproductive disorders. The main group - women with chronic endometritis (CE), (n = 63), mean age - 31.0 ± 5.3. The diagnosis of chronic endometritis was made on the basis of morphological signs of histological examination of vacuum suction biopsy. The comparison group consisted of 39 women, representative by age; in this group the diagnosis was not confirmed by the results of the histological study of the endometrium. It has been established that enterococcal strains isolated only in women with reproductive disorders and chronic endometritis are a reservoir of genetic determinants of pathogenicity factors (efaA and asa1 (12.5 %) and sprE (37.5 %))